Mātauraka Māori

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https://hdl.handle.net/10182/14153

This collection pulls together content included in other Research@Lincoln collections that has a mātauraka Māori focus. You may also be interested in:

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Māori branding in New Zealand's food and fibre industry
(New Zealand Institute of Primary Industry Management, 2024-12) Tangiora, Hiraina; Rombach, Meike
This article looks into indigenous branding in New Zealand’s food and fibre industry, which plays a crucial role in the nation’s economy, providing a wealth of opportunities for rural practitioners. However, in an increasingly globalised marketplace, the need for unique identity and differentiation has never been more important.
Open Access
A transdisciplinary approach to understanding the connections between soil and people, through food production: A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University
(Lincoln University, 2024) Gillespie, Julie
There is a disconnect between soil, food, and people, that is being exacerbated as our populations become increasingly urban-based. This presents a ‘wicked’ challenge for soil and food security that soil science alone is unable to address. Resolving this issue requires understanding the extent and nature of the current (dis)connections, providing an opportunity to extend beyond the disciplinary boundaries of soil science. This research aims to develop an understanding of the (dis)connections between soil and people through the conduit of food in a place-based context by operating at the interface of mātauraka Māori (Māori knowledge) and soil science. This thesis provides two soil-centred examples of TDR in an Aotearoa New Zealand context, applying the He Awa Whiria (braided rivers) epistemological framework to guide the weaving of knowledges. To develop insight into how soil science and mātauraka Māori can be woven together and gain an understanding of historical connections between soil, food, and people, a case study guided by the questions of Mana Whenua regarding their past horticultural land use at Pōhatu (Flea Bay), Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū (Banks Peninsula), is undertaken. In this study, mātauraka Māori identified likely māra (garden) sites in the bay with oral histories identifying features such as gravel additions to the soil to improve drainage and retain warmth. Analysis of soil horizons modified with rounded beach gravels identified phytoliths with a morphotype consistent with kūmara leaves. Undertaking this study has demonstrated the importance of relationships when weaving knowledges, and the benefits of recognising equal value of the knowledges involved. Building on the results and learnings from the Pōhatu case study, a TDR methodology is applied to develop the place-based Food-Landscape Networks (FLN) framework, placing soil at its centre. The FLN framework applies a holistic approach to understanding the reciprocal connections between soil, food, and people in contemporary local food production systems. To assess the suitability of the FLN framework for understanding connections between soil, food, and people, it has been applied to three food-landscapes in Waitaha (Canterbury). Applying the framework makes visible the (dis)connections between soil, food, and people in three food-landscapes with the primary disconnection being people and soil across all three food-landscapes, as well as identifying where interdisciplinary collaboration is needed. This thesis enhances understanding and demonstrates the importance of engaging with mātauraka Māori as a knowledge of equal value to soil science for addressing complex, soil-centred environmental challenges facing Aotearoa New Zealand. The application of the transdisciplinary FLN framework illustrates the complexity of understanding the reciprocal connections between soil and people, highlighting the limitations of soil science in understanding and addressing this disconnect alone. This signals the need for interdisciplinary approaches, nested within TDR, for consumer disconnects to be addressed. The co-production of knowledge by weaving knowledges together to assess and understand these connections provides an opportunity to connect, and reconnect, people with where food comes from to work towards soil and food security.
Open Access
Adaptation to climate change among Māori-Led tourism businesses in Aotearoa New Zealand: A case study of Westland/Tai Poutini National Park, and proximate destination townships
(2024) Hamilton, Abby; Fountain, Joanna; Stewart, Emma; Espiner, Stephen
Using qualitative semi-structured interviews, this study set out to explore how selected Māori-led tourism businesses are experiencing and adapting to the effects of climate change in Westland Tai Poutini National Park and proximate destination townships. The research sought to understand how Māori-led tourism businesses are preparing for anticipated changes in climate and how their business adaptation planning aligns with Māori values. Also explored, in the context of climate change adaption, were the risks and opportunities for Māori-led tourism businesses in Te Tai Poutini. The results of this research offer a a cultural lens on climate change adaptation, which has rarely been considered in tourism. The findings will inform strategy discussions among tourism operators, managers and the wider tourism sector in relation to climate change adaptation planning.
Open Access
Knowledge, mātauranga and science: Reflective learning from the interface
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2024) Saunders, Caroline; Dalziel, Paul; Reid, J; McCallum, A
This essay offers reflective learning on how researchers in the Western science tradition connect to bodies of knowledge created and held outside that tradition. It begins with endogenous growth theory, which explains the unique role of knowledge as an input into economic production. The essay describes how Western science addresses the problem of validating and accessing knowledge, by hosting an expanding corpus of peer-reviewed publications. This academic knowledge does not contain all current knowledge. The essay therefore draws on the authors’ experience in four large research programmes to consider business knowledge and mātauranga Māori. It reflects on agency, tikanga [right behaviour], global conversations about Indigenous knowledge, and decolonising research. The essay finishes with models of knowledge engagement in the interface between western Science and mātauranga Māori that support the mana and integrity of diverse knowledge streams.
Open Access
Ka mauka tapu ariki | The sacred nature of mountains
(Lincoln University, 1993-05-03) Gray, Maurice Manawaroa
Address given to the East Asia Pacific Mountain Association Inaugural Symposium, Lincoln University, New Zealand, 3 May 1993.
Open Access
Nga taonga tapu Maori o te ao kohatua| Prized treasures from the traditional world of the Maori
(Lincoln College. Centre for Resource Management., 1990) Gray, Maurice Manawaroa
This paper describes the traditional world view of the Maori.
Open Access
Indigenous culture and marketing: An Aotearoa perspective
(ANZMAC, 2024-12-10) Arbouw, Paula; Tangiora, Hiraina; McKitterick, Linda; Arli, D; Robinson, L
This study focuses on the gap of an Indigenous perspective in the marketing academy. Specifically, it explores New Zealand commercial marketing practitioners’ perspectives and the integration of Māori cultural elements (Tohu Māori) in the Aotearoa New Zealand context through in-depth interviews of both Māori and non-Māori commercial marketing practitioners. Results indicate the importance of intent, the application of Te Ao Māori, and tikanga (Māori protocol) to convey meaning to prevent tokenism, exploitation, or unauthenticity. Relationships and consultation are critical for using Tohu Māori in marketing for both Māori and non-Māori. Our findings contribute to the marketing academy by incorporating Indigenous culture and perspectives in academic marketing research.
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Weaving knowledges to understand historical horticultural land use at Pōhatu
(New Zealand Society of Soil Science and Soil Science Australia, 2024-12-02) Gillespie, julie; Payne, Dione; Smith, Carol; Cavanagh, Jo-Anne; Jolly, Dyanna; Edwards, Sarah
As Western models of food production are being increasingly relied upon for global food security, urban populations are losing sight of where food comes from, and what is required to produce sufficient, high-quality food. Given the central role of soil in food production, there is a growing need to understand the (dis)connections between soil, food and people. Existing research suggests that individual disciplines alone are unsuitable for addressing these challenges, and that inter- and transdisciplinary research approaches are required. In an Aotearoa New Zealand context, one approach is looking to opportunities that weave together the knowledge streams of soil science and mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge). This research applies a transdisciplinary research approach that weaves together mātauraka Māori and soil science to explore the (dis)connections between soil, food, and people through a study of past food landscapes at Pōhatu (Flea Bay) on Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū (Banks Peninsula). This case study employs the He Awa Whiria, Braided Rivers, framework to weave mātauraka Māori and soil science when addressing the questions of Mana Whenua (the Māori community with customary authority over this land), regarding their past horticultural land use in the bay. Analysis of soil horizons modified with rounded beach gravels and organic matter additions identified phytoliths with a morphotype consistent with kūmara leaves with corresponding trace element elevations, indicating potential sources of nutrients. Our research findings can be used by Mana Whenua in their efforts to re-establish these horticultural practices, thus helping to reconnect soil, food, and people. Furthermore, our transdisciplinary approach provides guidelines for others seeking to move beyond the traditional boundaries of soil science to address challenges related to soil and food security, both in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally
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Carbon sorption from common agroforestry trees species to pasture soils - implications for climate mitigation
(New Zealand Society of Soil Science and Soil Science Australia, 2024-12-02) O'Hagan, Katie; McNally, Sam; Wells, Naomi; Orwin, kate; Smith, Carol
Increasing soil carbon (C) storage could be an effective climate mitigation strategy and agroforestry is suggested as a strategy to achieve this. For soils to act as an effective C sink, a focus should be put on processes that result in C becoming stabilised as mineral-associated C where it can persist in soils for centuries. Sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on soil mineral surfaces is one of the primary processes leading to C stabilisation within soils. However, the capacity for different soils to adsorb C substrates depends not only on soil mineral properties but also on substrate chemistry. Therefore, the quality of leaf litter of different agroforestry trees could impact the potential for increasing soil C storage at a given site. To test this, we extracted carbon from the leaves of different tree species to create species-specific DOC solutions. We then conducted a batch sorption experiment using the different DOC solutions to test the interaction of each solution with soils of contrasting mineral properties, and high and low C saturation deficits. This experiment was performed using a fully factorial design enabling all possible interactions to be tested. We found that highly weathered soils with higher iron and aluminium oxide contents adsorbed more C than poorly weathered soils. Differences were also observed in the adsorption potential of the species-specific DOC solutions. Preliminary findings suggest that even in weakly weathered soils, selecting trees for their litter quality has the potential to increase soil C sorption. Therefore, establishing appropriate tree species in agroforestry systems could result in increased stable SOC stocks, contributing to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
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Connecting people to soil: Learnings from the application of the Food-Landscape Networks framework
(New Zealand Society of Soil Science and Soil Science Australia, 2024-12-02) Gillespie, julie; Smith, Carol; Cavanagh, Jo-Anne; Jolly, Dyanna; Edwards, Sarah; Payne, Dione
There is a disconnect between people and soil, which is being exacerbated as our populations become increasingly urban-based. This presents a ‘wicked’ challenge for soil and food security that soil science alone is unable to address. A transdisciplinary research methodology was applied to develop a recently proposed framework, Food-Landscape Networks (FLN), that applies a holistic approach to understanding the reciprocal connections between soil, food, and people in contemporary local food production systems. This framework weaves mātauraka Māori and soil science to look beyond the boundaries of soil science to guide the reconnection of people and soil. The framework consists of six interrelated factors, situating soil health at its centre, that are used to assess the reciprocal connections between soil, food, and people. Our research applies the FLN framework to three food-landscapes in the Waitaha Canterbury region: conventional, organic, and community gardens producing potatoes and/or spinach. Applying the FLN framework reveals clear disconnects between soil, food, and people in these landscapes. It also underscores the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaborations to prevent these disconnects from worsening and to facilitate the reconnection of people and soil through food production. Key findings from applying the FLN framework include identifying that a disconnect between soil, food, and people occurs in all three food-landscapes assessed, with community gardens exhibiting the strongest connection between soil and people. For the disconnect between people and soil to be addressed, the connections between soil and food, and food and people need to be considered in the context of the reciprocal relationships encompassing factors included in the FLN framework, requiring interdisciplinary collaboration before the consumer reconnection can be achieved.
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Te Rua o Mahara | The pits of memories Weaving knowledge to understand the past
(New Zealand Society of Soil Science and Soil Science Australia, 2024-12-02) Gillespie, J; Nutira, R; Jolly, D; Riddell, E; Phillips, J; Perenara-O'Connell, D; Smith, Carol
Kaitorete is a low-lying spit/barrier complex situated south of Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū (Banks Peninsula). Kaitorete is an Ara Tawhito (ancient trail) and cultural landscape of immense importance, with hundreds of archaeological sites and evidence of pā (settlement, community) and kāinga mahinga kai (food gathering settlement). The eviction of Mana Whenua from Kaitorete in the mid-1800s resulted in disconnection from the whenua (land), impacting the way of living, traditional knowledge, health, economic opportunities, and sovereignty. With the purchase of 1000 ha of land at Kaitorete in 2021, Mana Whenua Te Taumutu Rūnanga and Wairewa Rūnanga, and the Crown established the Tāwhaki Joint Venture, the first and only indigenous-led aerospace company in the world. The aim of Tāwhaki is to heal Kaitorete whenua, advance mātauranga, enrich connections, and bring whānau home. Our research focused on a kāinga mahinga kai, Te Waiotemapua. This ephemeral wetland environment hosts an extensive network of rua (pits) on a lakeside ridge. Investigations centred on the network of rua, with the aim of revealing the stories of people in this landscape held by the soil. This involved looking at the landscape through a mātauranga lens of oral histories, pūrākau (stories), manuscripts, maps, and mahinga kai practices, and using this lens to guide the use of western science tools. We applied soil science methods to look within the soil at the profile and plant microfossils, to enhance knowledge of food gathering, storage, and habitation at this kāinga mahinga kai. Our findings include identifying rua of different sizes and shapes positioned at varying heights on the ridge, signalling a range of uses, and the presence of starch grains in smaller rua, indicating kūmara storage. This transdisciplinary project weaves together mātauranga Māori and soil science, to draw on the past to provide a foundation for future opportunities and growth.
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Inclusive Australasian cityscapes
(Taylor & Francis, 2024-10-15) Menzies, Diane; Ormond-Parker, Lyndon; Isaacs, Dee
The lands on which Australasian cities were built have always been Indigenous places. Colonists were previously disinterested in providing for Indigenous values in these space. As Indigenous groups find and fight for opportunities to be visible in these contested cityscapes. New innovations enabled by communities of culture and practice are finding greater voice to achieve more ecologically sustainable practices. This paper highlights strategies and policies for reconciling cityscapes for more inclusive healthy relationships between people and the environment. It identifies process-based exemplars from co-design to Indigenous practice and practice-based research, strategies and policies for transformative outcomes in Australasian cities.
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The integration of Te Ao Māori in marketing: Perspectives from Māori marketing practitioners
Tangiora, Hiraina; Arbouw, Paula
Combining culture and business in a way that is inherently Māori not only creates opportunities for Māori to give back to their communities; it is also good for business itself (Ka'ai, Smith, Haar, & Ravenswood, 2019; UniServices, 2022). Marketers are increasingly using Māori cultural elements in their practices; consider Whittaker’s special edition Miraka Kirīmi (creamy milk) chocolate to celebrate Te Wiki o te Reo Māori (Māori Language Week) (Whittaker’s, 2023). Consequently, it is of interest to explore: What are Māori marketing practitioners’ perspectives and experiences of using Māori cultural elements in their practice? Exploratory interviews with six Māori marketing practitioners were conducted kanohi-ki-te-kanohi (in person) or virtually. The research employed kaupapa Māori (Māori ideology) principles and a wānanga approach adapted from Mahuika & Mahuika (2020) through interactive kōrerorero (conversations). This included karakia (prayers), pepeha (Māori introductions), whakawhanaungatanga (relationship building), and kai (food) (kanohi-ki-te-kanohi only). Interviews were transcribed and analysed for common themes. When defining Māori cultural elements, most participants used Te Ao Māori (the Māori worldview) as their guiding framework. “For me, it's everything…It’s stepping back and viewing Te Ao Māori as a whole”. All participants embraced Te Ao Māori in their own practice and employed a consultation process, often with kaumātua (respected elders). The importance of relationships and whakapapa (genealogy) was emphasised. In terms of use by non-Māori, many participants were broadly comfortable with it, if those using it were also considerate of Te Ao Māori and tikanga.“I will always support and embrace anyone that using multicultural elements if they also have been through that [Te Ao Māori and tikanga] journey themselves”. Personal cultural journeys affected the level to which participants were comfortable with the integration of Māori cultural elements in their practice. All participants seeking further education opted for Te Reo Māori (Māori language) and mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge), as opposed to marketing. The widespread use of Māori culture, when done well, benefits Māori communities (Roskruge, Morrison, & Maxwell, 2017). In recent years, more non-Māori organisations, like Whittaker’s, have sought to incorporate Māori cultural elements into their branding and external communications. The key to protecting this cultural taonga (treasure) is recognising efforts that support Māori, while calling out misuse. This research adds to the literature by contributing Māori marketing practitioners' perspectives on the use of Māori culture in practice, and supports rangatiratanga (sovereignty) by encouraging commercial efforts to revitalise, and preserve, Māori culture.
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Māori branding in Aotearoa New Zealand’s horticulture sector : Starting dialogue with rural professionals
(2024) Rombach, Meike; Tangiora, Hiraina
The study is dedicated to rural professionals and aims to unpack indigenous branding in a tangible manner. It enable horticultural practitioners to make informed decisions on how to respectfully incorporate Māori cultural elements into branding. The work includes best practice examples from the horticultural and beverage industry.
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Navigating by the stars: A critical analysis of Indigenous events as constellations of decolonization
(Taylor & Francis on behalf of Australia and New Zealand Association of Leisure Studies, 2021) Walters, Trudie; Ruwhiu, D
This paper cultivates an approach to leisure scholarship which is more responsive to Indigenous peoples and responsibilities of translation. This study is grounded within kaupapa Māori, an Indigenous perspective specific to Aotearoa New Zealand that privileges Māori epistemology. We apply this to a longitudinal analysis of media representations of an Indigenous event (Puaka Matariki) held annually since 2004 in Ōtepoti/Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand. We find that media narratives surrounding the event use te reo (Māori language) in a way that demonstrates its acceptance in the wider non-Māori community, a clear respect for Te Ao Māori (the Māori world) through the incorporation of identity and values, the manifestation of whanaungatanga (collectivity and social relationality), and the assertion of tino rangatiratanga (sovereignty). We conclude that events such as Puaka Matariki can act as expressions of empowerment for Indigenous communities traditionally marginalized through experiences of colonization.
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A critical analysis of indigenous events as expressions of empowerment
(University of Otago: Department of Tourism., 2019-12-10) Walters, Trudie; Walters, T; Kerr, R; Stewart, E
This paper cultivates an approach to leisure scholarship which is more responsive to Indigenous peoples and responsibilities of translation. This study is grounded within kaupapa Māori, an Indigenous perspective specific to Aotearoa New Zealand that privileges Māori epistemology. We apply this to a longitudinal analysis of media representations of an Indigenous event (Puaka Matariki) held annually since 2004 in Ōtepoti/Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand. We find te reo (Māori language) being used in a way that demonstrates its acceptance in the wider non-Māori community, a clear respect for Te Ao Māori (the Māori world) through the incorporation of identity and values, the manifestation of whanaungatanga (collectivity and social relationality), and the assertion of tino rangatiratanga (sovereignty). We conclude that events such as Puaka Matariki can act as expressions of empowerment for Indigenous communities traditionally marginalised through experiences of colonisation.
Open Access
Māori values and agricultural value chains
(2023) Tangiora, Hiraina
Presentation given at Research-Policy Nexus Workshop : Nutrition for ALL: What can we learn from communities in Mountain and Hill Region?
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Māori prosperity through agrifood innovation: Success stories in Aotearoa New Zealand's food and fibre sector
(2024) Jahnke-Waitoa, S; O'Connor, Chrystal; Tangiora, Hiraina
We will discuss mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) from a recent survey asking Māori which plants, vegetables, and rākau rongoā (medicinal plants) are significant to them, and some of their current uses today. We will explain the significant role that insects play in Māori culture as food, medicine, and cultural narratives. Finally, we'll discuss how revitalising potential future food sources like insects benefits from Indigenous knowledge and the care that should be taken when integrating it into Western science.
Open Access
The role of landscape architecture at public open-air rock art sites - case studies in Canterbury, Aotearoa New Zealand : A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Landscape Architecture at Lincoln University
(Lincoln University, 2024) Smart, Gwen
Rock art is a valuable and vulnerable taonga | treasure both in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally. The theory and practice of landscape architecture and rock art conservation and management hold many of the same values and concerns. However, very little research addresses the specific overlap between these fields. From the literature, it is difficult to gain an idea of the reality of the situation: what role do landscape architects have in the conservation and management of open-air rock art sites? This dissertation aims to explore the overlap between these fields from a landscape architectural perspective and to begin to bridge this gap in the literature. While the international context of rock art conservation and management informs this project, its focus is on a specific subject and geographic area: publicly accessible open-air Māori rock art sites of Waitaha | Canterbury in Aotearoa New Zealand. This allows for a detailed and context specific investigation. A novel, holistic, hybrid methodology was developed and applied. This included a specialist interview with Amanda Symon, Trustee of the Ngāi Tahu Māori Rock Art Trust, a multiple case study protocol, including the development and application of a case study framework, and the hybrid, critical discussion of the resultant findings. The research demonstrates that landscape architects have had a limited role at public, open-air rock art sites in Waitaha | Canterbury, but that there are many avenues by which landscape architecture may be able to make a contribution to the conservation and management of such sites, as part of a transdisciplinary, tangata whenua led team. These may include responding to the unique risks and opportunities these sites present, finding visitor management solutions, potential involvement in landscape assessment for planning or legislative purposes, facilitating transdisciplinary research or development, and the possibility of mutually beneficial educational and research relationships between rock art conservation and management and landscape architecture institutions. This dissertation has a specific regional focus on Waitaha| Canterbury’s historical, cultural, and environmental context. This research, however, is nested within the global context, and many of the topics addressed, methods discussed, questions raised, and further research opportunities proposed could be adapted to be more broadly applicable.
Open Access
Social discount rates in cost benefit analysis of regional pest management plans: Guidance and recommendations for the uninitiated
(AERU, Lincoln University | Te Whare Wānaka o Aoraki, 2023-07) Tait, Peter
Decisions concerning pest management frequently carry long-term consequences for the environment and human interests. This situation then leads to a pertinent question: should we value future outcomes equally with immediate ones in our current decision-making processes? This is the question of discounting. • A central purpose of Regional Pest Management Plans (RPMP) is to provide a framework to manage identified pests efficiently and effectively. Within a limited budget, RPMP decision-makers are tasked with determining which pests to focus response resources on, and the tools of Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) or other related analytic approaches to analysis of benefits and costs (ABC) can contribute information to inform how to best allocate response budget. • Discounting in CBA converts future costs and benefits into present value (PV), enabling consistent comparison across different time periods. Discounting is particularly important in determining the PV of environmental projects with significant timing differences between costs and benefits, where benefits are delayed, or where benefits accrue over a long time horizon. • An important implication of the exponential discounting approach currently used by New Zealand Treasury (TSY), is that this can substantially undervalue long-term benefits, contradicting pest management strategies emphasising preventative actions, and diminishing the role of future societies’ wellbeing. • An important limitation of the TSY approach, is that discount rates are based in estimates of the government's cost of capital using market rate of return data. This approach has limited applicability to environmental decision making and is unlikely to capture the full range of relevant social preferences. For example, the market rate of return is unlikely to reflect the non-market values of environmental goods and services. That is, there are no markets for most of the environmental goods and services society benefits from such as those provided by natural ecosystems, and therefore no relevant market rate of return is directly observable in many instances. • An alternative approach to setting discount rates is based in maximising the wellbeing of society through time, explicitly considering the importance of future generations’ wellbeing. This is known as the social rate of time preference (SRTP). This approach allows for the incorporation of society's preferences for environmental outcomes into the discount rate, is consistent with ethical principles of intergenerational equity and sustainability, and promotes transparency and stakeholder engagement in rates setting. • The SRTP approach is able to incorporate te ao Māori considerations regarding the choice of discount rate. Discounting from a Māori perspective is relevant because Māori conceptualisations of time may differ from what may be considered as Eurocentric time preferences. The principle of tauutuutu (reciprocity) ethics highlights the obligation Māori have to future generations and the importance of creating and maintaining intergenerational equity. Through whakapapa (genealogy), Māori identify the natural world as a continuum of both ancestors and family through time. This means that the future value of environmental quality to future Māori generations should be considered equally valuable to present generations. Applying te ao Māori considerations to discounting supports the use of lower rates. • Alongside an increase in the use of SRTP discount rates, in high income countries, is a move toward implementing declining discount rates over time. This differs from the current TSY approach applying a constant rate in each year. A declining discount rate can promote intergenerational equity by recognising the rights and interests of future generations in decision making. This can help ensure that environmental resources are shared fairly over generations and are more responsive to indigenous world views/te ao Māori. A declining discount rate can reflect the uncertainty associated with long-term decision-making, such as climate change. By reducing the discount rate over time, decision-makers can account for the uncertainty associated with long-term projections.

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