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This collection contains items published by Lincoln University researchers where we do not have the full text or cannot make it open access. Instead we provide the bibliographic data (title, author, date etc), the abstract, and where relevant a link to the publisher's site.
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Item Restricted The effect of farmyard stress on meat quality: A model enabling the search for predictive biomarkers of meat pH(Japan Society for Meat Science and Technology, 2022-08) Lee, Hannah; Ross, Alastair; Jayawardena, Reshan; Ham, Elizabeth; Bentley, Kelly-Anne; Tsai, Allen; Taukiri, Kevin; Maes, Everlyn; Clerens, Stefan; Morton, James; Arihara, K; Kawaraha, SHigh pH meat is frequently associated with poor shelf-life and eating quality, and pH is a commonly used marker for meat quality. Early detection of high pH lamb is desirable and can improve meat quality control. Due to the variability in the occurrence of high pH at meat processing plants in New Zealand, there is a need for reproducible models that allow the study of abnormal pH in meat. We devised a pilot trial using standardised farmyard stress to produce high pH meat. To confirm the impact of the model on meat we measured biochemical features in the meat samples that can be related to meat pH. In future, biomarkers of high pH in the meat could be used for enhancing animal welfare and confirm the relationship between minimising pre-slaughter stress and improving the consistency of meat quality.Item Restricted Corporate culture and corporate reporting: A textual analysis(Information and Communications Publishing House, 2024) Nguyen, Uyen; Gan, Christopher; Zhang, Yuqian; Phat, Nguyen Tien; Lo, Bui HuuThis study seeks to contribute to the existing literature by utilizing textual analysis to quantify the corporate culture of publicly traded U.S. firms from 2001 to 2021. The research aims to explore the implications of corporate culture on the quality of financial reporting and the quality of sustainability report which is measured by environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure score. The findings reveal that organizations with a strong corporate culture—characterized by high index scores in five values including innovation, integrity, quality, respect, and teamwork—are less likely to engage in aggressive earnings management and tend to have significantly higher ESG disclosure scores. The study also highlights variations in the impact of different dimensions of corporate culture on earnings management and ESG disclosure scores. Overall, these insights emphasize the benefits of promoting a strong corporate culture to enhance the quality of corporate reporting.Item Restricted Investigating biomarkers, biochemical changes and metabolomic features associated with high ph lamb meat(2024-07-02) Bentley, Kelly-Anne; Lee, Hannah; Morton, James; Kulasiri, DonIn the meat industry, pH is the primary measure to determine if meat has undergone the proper muscle-to-meat conversion. When the pH is high, there has been an insufficient reduction in the pH, resulting in undesirable meat quality traits. Several factors including muscle type, animal age, animal sex, and exposure to low-impact exercise stress can impact meat quality. Lincoln University has a low-impact exercise/high pH stress model that can consistently produce lamb meat with high pH, representing poor quality meat products; allowing for investigating the potential of different ways to determine meat quality. Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), Pyruvate Kinase (PKM2), Beta Enolase (ENO3), and Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 (PGK1) are enzymes in the glycolytic pathway shown potential as biomarkers for meat with high pH, therefore investigating how they differ between control and low-impact exercise stress animals will help to determine if they are viable for measuring meat quality. Glycolytic proteins were analysed using western blotting methods on 10 control and 10 exercise stress animal’s samples of Longissimus lumborum (LL), Gracilis (G), Semimembranosus (SM), Supraspinatus (SS), with Glyceraldehyde 3-phopshate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a loading control. Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) is a novel technology that ‘burns’ tissue samples to produce an aerosol which detects metabolites and their adducts in a mass spectrometer to create a metabolic fingerprint of the sample. REIMS has been applied in-line at a slaughterhouse for the detection of boar taint as a proof of principle, proving that it has the potential to be applied for meat quality measures. Therefore, using data produced during REIMS from animal tissue in the low-impact exercise/high pH stress model to develop a machine learning model to classify groups based on high pH will help to determine the potential of REIMS for online, rapid assessment of meat quality in the meat industry.Item Restricted Weaving knowledges to understand historical horticultural land use at Pōhatu(New Zealand Society of Soil Science and Soil Science Australia, 2024-12-02) Gillespie, julie; Payne, Dione; Smith, Carol; Cavanagh, Jo-Anne; Jolly, Dyanna; Edwards, SarahAs Western models of food production are being increasingly relied upon for global food security, urban populations are losing sight of where food comes from, and what is required to produce sufficient, high-quality food. Given the central role of soil in food production, there is a growing need to understand the (dis)connections between soil, food and people. Existing research suggests that individual disciplines alone are unsuitable for addressing these challenges, and that inter- and transdisciplinary research approaches are required. In an Aotearoa New Zealand context, one approach is looking to opportunities that weave together the knowledge streams of soil science and mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge). This research applies a transdisciplinary research approach that weaves together mātauraka Māori and soil science to explore the (dis)connections between soil, food, and people through a study of past food landscapes at Pōhatu (Flea Bay) on Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū (Banks Peninsula). This case study employs the He Awa Whiria, Braided Rivers, framework to weave mātauraka Māori and soil science when addressing the questions of Mana Whenua (the Māori community with customary authority over this land), regarding their past horticultural land use in the bay. Analysis of soil horizons modified with rounded beach gravels and organic matter additions identified phytoliths with a morphotype consistent with kūmara leaves with corresponding trace element elevations, indicating potential sources of nutrients. Our research findings can be used by Mana Whenua in their efforts to re-establish these horticultural practices, thus helping to reconnect soil, food, and people. Furthermore, our transdisciplinary approach provides guidelines for others seeking to move beyond the traditional boundaries of soil science to address challenges related to soil and food security, both in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationallyItem Restricted Carbon sorption from common agroforestry trees species to pasture soils - implications for climate mitigation(New Zealand Society of Soil Science and Soil Science Australia, 2024-12-02) O'Hagan, Katie; McNally, Sam; Wells, Naomi; Orwin, kate; Smith, CarolIncreasing soil carbon (C) storage could be an effective climate mitigation strategy and agroforestry is suggested as a strategy to achieve this. For soils to act as an effective C sink, a focus should be put on processes that result in C becoming stabilised as mineral-associated C where it can persist in soils for centuries. Sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on soil mineral surfaces is one of the primary processes leading to C stabilisation within soils. However, the capacity for different soils to adsorb C substrates depends not only on soil mineral properties but also on substrate chemistry. Therefore, the quality of leaf litter of different agroforestry trees could impact the potential for increasing soil C storage at a given site. To test this, we extracted carbon from the leaves of different tree species to create species-specific DOC solutions. We then conducted a batch sorption experiment using the different DOC solutions to test the interaction of each solution with soils of contrasting mineral properties, and high and low C saturation deficits. This experiment was performed using a fully factorial design enabling all possible interactions to be tested. We found that highly weathered soils with higher iron and aluminium oxide contents adsorbed more C than poorly weathered soils. Differences were also observed in the adsorption potential of the species-specific DOC solutions. Preliminary findings suggest that even in weakly weathered soils, selecting trees for their litter quality has the potential to increase soil C sorption. Therefore, establishing appropriate tree species in agroforestry systems could result in increased stable SOC stocks, contributing to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.Item Restricted Connecting people to soil: Learnings from the application of the Food-Landscape Networks framework(New Zealand Society of Soil Science and Soil Science Australia, 2024-12-02) Gillespie, julie; Smith, Carol; Cavanagh, Jo-Anne; Jolly, Dyanna; Edwards, Sarah; Payne, DioneThere is a disconnect between people and soil, which is being exacerbated as our populations become increasingly urban-based. This presents a ‘wicked’ challenge for soil and food security that soil science alone is unable to address. A transdisciplinary research methodology was applied to develop a recently proposed framework, Food-Landscape Networks (FLN), that applies a holistic approach to understanding the reciprocal connections between soil, food, and people in contemporary local food production systems. This framework weaves mātauraka Māori and soil science to look beyond the boundaries of soil science to guide the reconnection of people and soil. The framework consists of six interrelated factors, situating soil health at its centre, that are used to assess the reciprocal connections between soil, food, and people. Our research applies the FLN framework to three food-landscapes in the Waitaha Canterbury region: conventional, organic, and community gardens producing potatoes and/or spinach. Applying the FLN framework reveals clear disconnects between soil, food, and people in these landscapes. It also underscores the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaborations to prevent these disconnects from worsening and to facilitate the reconnection of people and soil through food production. Key findings from applying the FLN framework include identifying that a disconnect between soil, food, and people occurs in all three food-landscapes assessed, with community gardens exhibiting the strongest connection between soil and people. For the disconnect between people and soil to be addressed, the connections between soil and food, and food and people need to be considered in the context of the reciprocal relationships encompassing factors included in the FLN framework, requiring interdisciplinary collaboration before the consumer reconnection can be achieved.Item Restricted Te Rua o Mahara | The pits of memories Weaving knowledge to understand the past(New Zealand Society of Soil Science and Soil Science Australia, 2024-12-02) Gillespie, J; Nutira, R; Jolly, D; Riddell, E; Phillips, J; Perenara-O'Connell, D; Smith, CarolKaitorete is a low-lying spit/barrier complex situated south of Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū (Banks Peninsula). Kaitorete is an Ara Tawhito (ancient trail) and cultural landscape of immense importance, with hundreds of archaeological sites and evidence of pā (settlement, community) and kāinga mahinga kai (food gathering settlement). The eviction of Mana Whenua from Kaitorete in the mid-1800s resulted in disconnection from the whenua (land), impacting the way of living, traditional knowledge, health, economic opportunities, and sovereignty. With the purchase of 1000 ha of land at Kaitorete in 2021, Mana Whenua Te Taumutu Rūnanga and Wairewa Rūnanga, and the Crown established the Tāwhaki Joint Venture, the first and only indigenous-led aerospace company in the world. The aim of Tāwhaki is to heal Kaitorete whenua, advance mātauranga, enrich connections, and bring whānau home. Our research focused on a kāinga mahinga kai, Te Waiotemapua. This ephemeral wetland environment hosts an extensive network of rua (pits) on a lakeside ridge. Investigations centred on the network of rua, with the aim of revealing the stories of people in this landscape held by the soil. This involved looking at the landscape through a mātauranga lens of oral histories, pūrākau (stories), manuscripts, maps, and mahinga kai practices, and using this lens to guide the use of western science tools. We applied soil science methods to look within the soil at the profile and plant microfossils, to enhance knowledge of food gathering, storage, and habitation at this kāinga mahinga kai. Our findings include identifying rua of different sizes and shapes positioned at varying heights on the ridge, signalling a range of uses, and the presence of starch grains in smaller rua, indicating kūmara storage. This transdisciplinary project weaves together mātauranga Māori and soil science, to draw on the past to provide a foundation for future opportunities and growth.Item Restricted Internet use and household debt: Insights from rural China(Taylor & Francis Group, 2024) Li, J; Vatsa, Puneet; Ma, WanglinInternet use is accelerating in rural communities of developing countries. Although much attention has been devoted to the effects of Internet use on subjective well-being, income growth, poverty reduction, digital financial inclusion, and social connections in these communities, little is known about how it affects their indebtedness. This paper bridges this gap by investigating the association between Internet use and household debt in rural China. We use a conditional mixed process model and the instrumental-variable-based causal mediation framework to analyse the 2017 China Household Finance Survey data. The results show that Internet use and household debt are positively associated: household debt is 5,370 yuan higher among Internet users than non-users. Using the Internet increases household debt through its effects on consumption and investment spending. Targeted initiatives to help rural residents gainfully utilize the Internet to improve their financial well-being should be implemented. Strengthening legislation to allow rural residents to securely and responsibly increase their investment and consumption using the Internet will enhance rural communities’ welfare as Internet access becomes widespread over the coming years.Item Restricted Could machine learning predict meat quality traits using the metabolic fingerprints of lamb meat analysed with REIMS?(Sistema Congressi, 2023, 2023-08) Lee, Hannah; Yeoh, Yi-Wen; Kumarapathirannahalage, Samantha; Fletcher, Scout; Ross, Alastair; Li, Xin; Kulasiri, Don; Morton, James; Zotte, Antonella Dalle; Brugiapaglia, Alberto; Cullere, MarcoHigh pH is a quality defect in meat and is often a result of pre-slaughter stress. We have developed a farmyard stress model that is a useful tool for research on high ultimate pH meat [1]. In this study, we used Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) to fingerprint the metabolites within the meat [2]. REIMS data was able to distinguish between muscles of lambs that have been exercised pre-slaughter compared to those who have not [2]. Most REIMS data analysis is done using multivariate statistics. These methods are powerful but lack inbuilt methods to refine the REIMS dataset to focus on only those variables that are important for explaining the phenomenon of interest. This is critical for methods such as REIMS where most of the data collected is irrelevant to the study question and interferes with model validity. Iterative PLS-DA and machine learning have been used for REIMS analysis but their application has been limited to date. Machine learning (ML) is a novel and emerging tool incorporating artificial intelligence to train the model to predict the output with algorithm input. The potential of advanced machine learning compared to conventional multivariate statistical analysis has been shown in classifying beef cuts from images, fish speciation based on REIMS features and determining chicken freshness via colorimetric sensor array. The current study evaluated using WEKA and Tensorflow platforms to predict ultimate pH and meat quality parameters from the REIMS metabolic fingerprint. These data will contribute towards defining and designing much larger experiments run in commercial processing plants to develop rapid screening systems to predict future pH as meat is processed.Item Restricted Item Restricted Current trends and directions for exercise in the older adult(2024) Hamlin, MichaelKeynote speech at TRMA 2024Item Restricted Investigating biomarkers, biochemical changes and metabolomic features associated with high ph lamb meat(Biomolecular Horizons 2024, 2024-09) Bentley, Kelly-Anne; Lee, Hannah; Morton, James; Ross, Alastair; Kulasiri, Don; Tanner, JasmineThe quality of red meat is impacted by several livestock factors, including age, sex, feed type, nutrition, and exposure stressors. The primary predictive measure for meat processors is the pH at 24 hours post-mortem (ultimate pH). When the pH is high, the meat has not undergone the proper muscle-to-meat conversion and associated with undesirable meat quality traits. Lincoln University has developed a reproducible in vivo sheep model where moderate pre-slaughter farmyard stress, exercise in the presence of dogs, is associated with high meat pH This model has been used to investigate potential meat quality biomarkers (Lee et al., 2023). Li et al. (2018) identified four glycolytic enzymes which have shown potential as biomarkers for lamb meat with high pH. We investigated these enzymes using the exercise stress sheep model. Changes in the amount of these enzymes were measured in four different muscles, Longissimus lumborum (LL), Gracilis (G), Semimembranosus (SM), Supraspinatus (SS), using western blotting. Glyceraldehyde 3-phopshate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the reference protein and the blots analysed using Bio-Rad software (Image Lab 6.1®). Statistical differences were determined using 2-sample t-tests (Mintab21®). Pyruvate kinase (PKM2) was significantly lower in meat from animals subjected to exercise stress compared to control animals in the LL, SM, and SS muscle types but the differences were not significant in G. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) was significantly greater following exercise stress in the SM muscle, while there were no differences under exercise in the other muscle types (LL, G, SS) The remaining enzymes, Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), and Beta enolase (ENO3), are currently under investigation. Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) is a form of ambient ionisation mass spectrometry, resulting in a detailed mass spectral fingerprint of a sample aerosol, largely based on metabolites and lipids. REIMS been recently applied to many areas of meat science, including meat quality and origin. REIMS data from two trials using the exercise stress model is currently under investigation, with the aim to provide a machine learning model (using TensorFlow) which will offer a rapid assessment tool predicting meat quality for the meat industry. Current results suggest that there are alternative biomarkers to meat pH for predicting meat quality, although these may need to be tailored for individual muscles. Further work in this area will aid in efforts to improve speed and frequency of meat quality monitoring withing meat processing plants.Item Restricted Development of a gastrointestinal parasite infection model to study chronic stress in livestock and impact on meat quality(Biomolecular Horizons 2024, 2024-09-02) Lee, Hannah; Greer, Andrew; Ross, Alastair; Garbles, Katelyn; Fei, Zhuoyi; Bentley, Kelly-Anne; Gibbs, Ben; Slow, Sandy; Morton, James; Lee, HannahLivestock stressors are known to have an impact on both animal welfare and meat quality. As a model of acute stress, we have previously demonstrated the impact of pre-slaughter simulated mustering on several important meat quality markers in lamb, including high pH [1, 2]. To examine a chronic stressor in livestock, we have adapted a model of a sub-clinical infection with gastrointestinal nematode(GIN) parasite infection in sheep. Six month old ram lambs were challenged with a mixed infection of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta (Treatment group, n=6), which are common gastrointestinal parasites frequently encountered in pasture, and compared with those without parasites (Control, n=6) (AEC2023-71). The goal is to understand how parasite infection can impact on inflammatory response as a proxy for animal welfare, along with determining if parasite infection has an impact on meat quality markers. We will also use an emerging metabolomics method, rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry, to provide complementary analytical information on changes to organ and meat metabolite and lipid composition. This data will contribute towards defining and designing further investigations on chronic stressors in livestock. In future, characterised biomarkers of stressors could be used for enhancing animal welfare and confirm the relationship between minimising pre-slaughter stressors and improving the consistency of meat quality.Item Restricted Diversification as a climate change adaptation strategy in viticulture systems: Winegrowers' insights from Marlborough, New Zealand(Taylor & Francis Group, 2024) Barry, Michelle; Wreford, Anita; Knook, Jorie; Teixeira, Edmar; Monge, Juan; Parker, AmberViticulture systems face risks from a changing climate due to grapevine sensitivity and the large degree of specialization that often exists. Diversification of agricultural production systems has been proposed as an effective adaptation strategy. Elements of diversification have featured in viticulture adaptation studies, but the understanding of diversification and its potential as a climate change adaptation strategy has not been explicitly explored with winegrowers. To develop insights in this area we identified regional climate challenges, defined climate change related threats and opportunities, and envisaged diversification solutions. Data collection involved a literature review on climate change impacts, adaptation and diversification in viticulture systems, followed by a focus group with industry stakeholders. Agroecological practices, plant material and vineyard location were the core diversification themes identified in the literature. The study found that winegrowers’ understanding of the potential for diversification include implementing agroecological practices, diversification of plant material (clones, rootstocks), alternative vineyard locations, integrating different crops and growing alternative varieties. The study expands on current literature by explicitly assessing winegrower understanding of the potential for diversification as a climate change adaptation strategy in winegrowing systems.Item Restricted Winter diet of Japanese macaques from Chubu Sangaku National Park, Japan incorporates freshwater biota(Springer Nature, 2021) Milner, Alexander M; Wood, Susanna; Docherty, Catherine; Biessy, Laura; Takenaka, Masaki; Tojo, KojiThe Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) is native to the main islands of Japan, except Hokkaido, and is the most northerly living non-human primate. In the Chubu Sangaku National Park of the Japanese Alps, macaques live in one of the coldest areas of the world, with snow cover limiting the availability of preferred food sources. Winter is typically a bottleneck for food availability potentially resulting in marked energy deficits, and mortality may result from famine. However, streams with groundwater upwelling flow during the winter with a constant water temperature of about 5 °C are easily accessible for Japanese macaques to search for riverine biota. We used metabarcoding (Cytochrome c oxidase I) of fecal samples from Japanese macaques to determine their wintertime diet. Here we provide the first robust evidence that Japanese macaques feed on freshwater biota, including brown trout, riverine insects and molluscs, in Chubu Sangaku National Park. These additional food sources likely aid their winter survival.Item Restricted Cryopreservation of six Symbiodiniaceae genera and assessment of fatty acid profiles in response to increased salinity treatments(Springer Nature, 2022) Kihika, Joseph Kanyi; Wood, Susanna; Rhodes, Lesley; Smith, Kirsty F; Miller, Matthew R; Pochon, Xavier; Thompson, Lucy; Butler, Juliette; Schattschneider, Jessica; Oakley, Clint; Ryan, Ken GSymbiodiniaceae are a diverse group of dinoflagellates, the majority of which are free-living and/or associated with a variety of protists and other invertebrate hosts. Maintenance of isolated cultures is labour-intensive and expensive, and cryopreservation provides an excellent avenue for their long-term storage. We aimed to cryopreserve 15 cultured isolates from six Symbiodiniaceae genera using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the cryoprotectant agent (CPA). Under 15% DMSO, 10 isolates were successfully cryopreserved using either rapid freezing or controlled-rate freezing. Cultures that failed or had low survival, were subjected to (1) a reduction of CPA to 10%, or (2) increased salinity treatment before freezing. At 10% DMSO, three further isolates were successfully cryopreserved. At 15% DMSO there were high cell viabilities in Symbiodinium pilosum treated with 44 parts per thousand (ppt) and 54 ppt culture medium. An isolate of Fugacium sp. successfully cryopreserved after salinity treatments of 54 ppt and 64 ppt. Fatty acid (FA) analyses of S. pilosum after 54 ppt salinity treatment showed increased saturated FA levels, whereas Fugacium sp. had low poly-unsaturated FAs compared to normal salinity (34 ppt). Understanding the effects of salinity and roles of FAs in cryopreservation will help in developing protocols for these ecologically important taxa.Item Restricted Calamities of Fresh Value Chains in developing economies: The case of the avocado value chain in Ethiopia(2024-10-23) Seba, Samuel Tigistu; Wilson, Mark; Bicknell, Kathryn; Radics, Robert; Chowdhury, Mesbahuddin; Koushan, Mona; Mollenkopf, DianeEnsuring availability and affordability are the most critical and pertinent requirements for Fresh Value chains (FVCs) to ensure food and nutritional security. On the other hand, securing adequate income is critical to ensuring economic development. However, studies indicate that FVCs in developing countries perform poorly, with persistent shortfalls in the availability of affordable fresh produce and very low incomes for producers and other actors. Literature suggests that the poor performance of FVCs in Ethiopia could result from a lack of investment by actors across all stages of the chains. A thorough literature review has identified four theories that can explain the apparent lack of investments in FVCs in developing countries. New Institutional Economics (NIE) theory asserts that the nature of transactions and characteristics of actors and exogenous changes in the general economy create uncertainty that brings about high transaction costs and inefficient institutions, leading to the likelihood of opportunism, lack of investment, and Pareto-suboptimal efficiency. Agency theory asserts that agents' opportunistic behaviours arise from information asymmetry and goal incongruence when two actors are required to collaborate in an economic system through transactions. These result in high levels of unmitigated state, effect and response uncertainty and the likelihood of opportunism, disincentivising investments in these mostly arm's length relationships. Post- Keynesian investment theory asserts that the availability and cost of different forms of finance (profit and credit) affect the level of investments. Systems Theory asserts that shortages of different types of capital are potential constraints to producing and marketing fresh produce in developing countries, implying the role of investments. This article presents empirical findings on the current performance of the Avocado Value Chain (AVC) in Ethiopia. It attempts to identify the underlying factors for the ongoing lack of investments by utilising a framework developed from the above mentioned theories. The research utilised the critical realist approach, Systems Dynamics Modelling (SDM) methodology, and a four-tiered research process to achieve the overall research objectives. The data was collected using the four tiers: an extensive literature review, direct observation of all value chain activities, in-depth interviews with more than 65 actors and stakeholders, and participatory Group Model Building (GMB) workshops. Data gathered were used to describe the attributes of each actor, their interactions, the structure of relationships, the transactions, the business environment they operate in and the resulting severe lack of investment in the AVC manifested through each actor's modus=operandi and the poor performance that follows.Item Restricted The governance of indigenous supply chains in the modern Western world(University of Canterbury, 2024-10-23) McIntyre, Tiffany; Wilson, Mark; Childerhouse, Paul; Aitken, James; Chowdhury, Mesbahuddin; Koushan, Mona; Mollenkopf, DianeThere is continuing interest in how organisations develop supply chain governance to deliver value (Shamsollahi, et al., 2021). Some authors have focused on governance in terms of supply chain structure and management approaches (Brito et al., 2017). Others have explored the question of how to balance contractual and relational approaches (Bai et al., 2016). Yet, others have considered the merits of different theoretical lenses, including transaction costs economics, resource dependence theory, network theory and principle agent theory, to comprehend dyadic and network governance (Halldörsson et al, 2015). However, for indigenous people many of the governance insights provided are based on a modernist perspective where nature does not have agency and is viewed as passive. Recently, the role and importance of the planet and nature in governance has begun to evolve in the supply chain literature (Mirzabiki and Aitken, 2023). In contrast, the core of the Māori governance is the interconnectedness of all living things highlighting that “the relationships humans have with the nonhuman entities are reciprocal and contextual rather than unidirectional and contextual” (Reid and Rout, 2016: 429). The purpose of this research is to understand how governance based Māori nature interconnectedness is structured and operates. Through comprehending how supply chains can be governed through harmonious connections to the plane, the paper contributes to the governance and sustainability literature.Item Restricted Learning governance from indigenous supply chains(Centre for Concurrent Enterprise, Nottingham University Business School, 2024-07-26) Childerhouse, Paul; McIntyre, Tiffany; Aitken, James; Wilson, Mark; Potter, A; Pawar, KS; Rogers, H; Banomyong, BThere is continuing interest in how organisations develop supply chain governance to deliver value (Shamsollahi et al, 2021). Some authors have focused on governance in terms of supply chain structure and management approaches (Brito et al, 2017). Others have explored the question of how to balance contractual and relational approaches (Bai et al., 2016). Yet, others have considered the merits of different theoretical lenses, including transaction costs economics, resource dependence theory, network theory and principal agent theory, to comprehend dyadic and network governance (Halldórsson et al, 2015). However, for indigenous people many of the governance insights provided are based on a modernist perspective where nature does not have agency and is viewed as passive. Recently, the role and importance of the planet and nature in governance has begun to evolve in the supply chain literature (Mirzabeiki and Aitken, 2023). In contrast, the core of the Māori governance is the interconnectedness of all living things highlighting that “the relationships humans have with the nonhuman entities are reciprocal and contextual rather than unidirectional and contextual” (Reid and Rout, 2016: 429). The purpose of this research is to understand how governance based on Māori nature interconnectedness is structured and operates. Through comprehending how supply chains can be governed through harmonious connections to the planet the paper contributes to the governance and sustainability literature.Item Restricted Learning governance from indigenous supply chains(2024-07-04) Aitken, James; McIntyre, Tiffany; Childerhouse, Paul; Wilson, MarkThe purpose of this research is to understand how governance based on Māori cultural interconnectedness is structured and operates in supply chains. By comprehending how supply chains can be governed through harmonious connections to the planet, this paper contributes to the governance and sustainability literature. Given the connection that Māori have with the land, and the importance of agribusiness to the New Zealand economy, two agribusiness supply chain cases provide a practical context for rich data collection. Whilst relationships were underpinned by formal contracts, social exchange and a set of shared values were at the core of chain relationships in both cases. Relational strength was seen as more important than maximising economic gains. Emotional connections that underpin business links reflected the Māori values of whakawhanaungatanga and manaakitanga. Product quality was viewed as a tool to reinforce the brand promise sold to consumers and critically both focal companies developed their supply chains based on two Māori values kaitiakitanga and ikanga. The broad and inclusive worldview of Māori contrasts with the modernist view of western centred supply chains that are concerned with rationality progress, universality, and the individual as opposed to emotion, relationships, localism and the collective. Concerns for societal and environmental well-being were found to be at the centre of the Māori governance approach that was developed to manage relationships and controlling product quality. Māori governance reflects the growing recognition of academics that economic levers are not sufficient for sustainability.