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The disciplinary backgrounds and fields of study within the Department of Tourism, Sport and Society range from national parks management and outdoor recreation to history, sociology, and geography, to urban recreation, sport management, and tourism in all its forms.
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Item Open Access Beyond cultural renaissance: Indigenous events as sites of resistance and resilience(Taylor & Francis, 2025-04-14) Walters, Trudie; Ruwhiu, DianeThe rising of the Matariki constellation (also known as Pleiades) is a special time for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand for remembering the dead, celebrating the present, and preparing the ground for the coming year. Its observation had all but ceased by 1940, but it has experienced a resurgence since the 1990s. Previous longitudinal research into media narratives about Matariki events concluded that they acted as an expression of empowerment for Māori. In a time marked by heightened hostility towards ‘things Māori’, we ask how media narratives frame Matariki as a site of resistance, renaissance and resilience. We analyse media narratives from 2020 to 2024 using a qualitative kaupapa Māori framework. We find they have begun to connect the issues facing contemporary Māori with colonization, and make them more visible. Through the lens of Matariki, the Aotearoa NZ media are moving towards portraying a more accurate ‘reality’ of the contemporary Māori lifeworld.Item Restricted An evaluation of Bachelor of Nursing students’ perceptions of clinical placement experiences.(Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 2024-12-20) Lansdown, J; Milligan, K; Marshall, H; Hamlin, MichaelBackground: The COVID-19 global pandemic had positive and negative impacts on health care workers, including student nurses. Different clinical areas provide unique learning opportunities, with students reporting varying levels of satisfaction across their different clinical placements in the years prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Longitudinal data evaluating clinical experiences was collected from 2017 until 2022. Aim: This evaluation sought to determine the pandemic’s impact on student nurses’ perceptions of their clinical experience and identify which clinical learning environments provided optimal learning experiences. Methods: The study analysed 2,012 datasets using quantitative statistical analysis with a descriptive cross-sectional design. Bachelor of Nursing students at Ara Institute of Canterbury Limited (ARA) completed the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Scale (CLES+T) survey after completion of their clinical placements. Findings: Students rated their clinical learning experiences highly (mean 4.5 ±0.5), with no impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the transition to practice (transition) placement was viewed more positively than other clinical areas, and while statistically significant, in this particular context, this difference was deemed to be trivial. This might be attributed to students’ increased readiness to practice in their final semester and having some choice in placement location. Implications for practice: Nursing management from both clinical providers and tertiary institutions should address lower-scored areas through enhanced preparatory education. Feedback from students can guide nursing management in performance reviews of tertiary and clinical staff, and support nurses and educators to provide quality clinical experiences. Consideration of an alternative questionnaire may improve amount and quality of information gathered to better guide the tertiary institutions and clinical providers. Collaboration between clinical providers and academic institutions as well as building resilience and willingness to change when major events occur are opportunities for consideration, as well as more robust orientation periods within the clinical setting to allow for a better settling in period for students. Early identification and workload support for preceptors, along with robust post-placement debriefings, can help students better connect theory with practice.Item Open Access The Tokyo Olympics had no Soul: A swimming cap controversy(Sport and Exercise Science New Zealand, 2025) Harris, Graeme; Alton, Lindsey; Hamlin, Michael; Macdonald, Ashleigh; Olsen, PeterThe Soul swimming cap designed specifically for long hair, afro, and dreadlock hair was banned by the swimming body FINA at the Tokyo Olympics. The ban was due to the cap not following the natural form of the head and the possibility the Soul cap could increase swimming performance. The ban attracted considerable media attention and backlash online centering around inclusivity, equity, and the low participation of minority groups in swimming. Anecdotally, swimmers also indicated the larger Soul cap would potentially decrease swimming performance, and previous research had found wrinkled swim caps produced higher drag. There is no research on the Soul cap, therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the drag of Soul swimming caps compared to a standard Speedo competition cap. A wind tunnel, set at a speed equivalent to 1.76 m/s in the water, was used to measure the drag on a model head with a long wig (representing a long-haired swimmer) in different cap conditions i.e., Soul caps designed for long hair (small [S-Soul], large [L-Soul], extra-large [XL-Soul]) and a standard Speedo swim cap. The Speedo swim cap produced significantly less (p’s < 0.0001) drag compared to all Soul caps (141.54 ± 2.92 g [Speedo] vs. 150.53 ± 4.83 g [S-Soul], 164.54 ± 3.24 g [L-Soul], and 172.87 ± 3.70 [XL-Soul]). Differences in drag were progressively larger with an increase in the size of the Soul swimming caps (8.89 g to 31.33 g, p’s < 0.0001). It is likely the differences in cap conditions were due to smoothness of the swim caps, with less wrinkling occurring in the Speedo cap and increased wrinkling in the larger Soul caps. Our findings indicate it is unlikely that a Soul swimming cap would confer a performance advantage relative to a standard Speedo swimming cap.Publication Embargo Dimensions of the resilient visitor and visitor system in conservation areas of New Zealand : A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University(Lincoln University, 2024) Michela, LydiaNew Zealand’s conservation areas are dynamic biophysical environments subject to natural hazards and popular recreation areas for domestic and international visitors and tourists. The human and natural environments form a social-ecological system (SES). Many visitors are unaware of and unprepared for the conditions and natural hazards they encounter which can lead to issues of safety. The main objectives of this research are to investigate what it means for a tourist to be resilient to natural hazards in New Zealand’s conservation areas, what factors, attributes and characteristics influence resilience and what is the relationship between tourist resilience and destination resilience. There is an extensive body of literature investigating the resilience of tourist destinations, communities, and organisations but tourists are less commonly the central focus, even though they represent the demand side of the tourism system. Of the research that does exist for tourists, much of it is focuses on tourists as individuals rather than tourists as part of a SES and it most frequently from a psychological resilience or hazard awareness and preparedness perspective. This study used a mixed methodology to investigate the research questions. The vast majority of survey participants had medium to high levels of experience and skill in conservation-recreation environments. Results showed many visitors were aware of natural hazards and included them in their planning process. Dimensions of visitor resilience were found to be awareness, locus of responsibility for safety, preparedness, and adaptability. The vulnerability and resilience of destinations and tourists are interconnected. Destination stakeholders influence visitors via information provision and risk management decisions. Visitors influence destination resilience by the aforementioned dimensions and by sharing their experiences with others, on the track and back at home. A significant theoretical contribution was the inclusion of a visitor’s social-ecological system of origin as a key influence on recreationists’ dimensions of resilience. A key implication for stakeholders and practitioners is to take a more nuanced perspective on visitors and their origin context in terms of past recreation experience, social circles, and perceptions of responsibility for safety.Publication Open Access The Determinants of farmers’ involvement in farm tourism: Insights from Lam Dong Province, Viet Nam : A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University(Lincoln University, 2024) Huynh, Thuan (Nancy) Thi PhuongFarm tourism has proven beneficial to agriculture, tourism and the community. However, research in farm tourism has been limited compared with that in general tourism research. Farm tourism is well-developed and has been mainly quantitively studied in European and North American countries. The development of and research on farm tourism in Asian countries is delayed but is getting more attention. This study examines the determinants of farmers’ involvement in farm tourism in Lam Dong province, Viet Nam, a middle income country in South East Asia. The study uses in-depth interviews to gain insights from 52 farmers’ narratives. Thematic analysis is used to analyse the data. The findings suggest that 13 influencing factors impact farmers’ involvement in farm tourism. They are farm location, farming method, family support, farm landscape, farm ownership, crop attractiveness, crop availability, crop value, farmer’s age, education, off-farm experience, social networks and financial ability. Most importantly, a farmer's self-identity plays a significant role in shaping a farmer’s involvement in farm tourism, bringing valuable complements to the explanation of the influencing factors. This study contributes to a better understanding of farm tourism and provides insights for policymakers promoting farm tourism development. The limitations of the study are noted.Publication Embargo Understanding the uptake of climate change adaptation research for policy making in Aotearoa, New Zealand : A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science at Lincoln University(Lincoln University, 2024) Halliday, AngelaThe interplay between science, policy and decision making has long been an area of interest to researchers, however, there is limited exploration of this dynamic in the context of climate change adaptation research uptake in Aotearoa, New Zealand (NZ). This study aims to advance climate change adaptation efforts by investigating this crucial intersection of research and policy, offering insights into the factors that influence the uptake of climate change adaptation research into policy making. In-depth, semi-structured interviews (n=23) with policy practitioners and individuals in related roles and organisations, were used to elicit information about the barriers and enablers of research uptake. Results of the interviews were coded thematically and analysed using a general inductive approach to find emerging themes. The findings led to the formation of four key propositions: 1) Relationships are instrumental for research to influence policy making. 2) Climate change adaptation policy is hampered by interpretations of uncertainty. 3) Election and policy cycles, competing timeframes and priorities impact research uptake. 4) Research prioritisation and funding influences its impact on policy. Recommendations from this research emphasise the importance of strengthening collaboration between researchers and policymakers by building trust and fostering mutual understanding as well as establishing feedback loops between individuals in the two fields. Additionally, there is a need to support knowledge translators to ensure that research addresses critical issues while remaining independent of political influences. Ultimately this research supports the promotion of mission-driven research that tackles the complex challenge of adapting to a changing climate with a focus on transparency and trust between policymakers and researchers.Item Open Access Tissue oxygenation in response to low-load and high-load back squats with continuous blood flow restriction in athletes(Taylor & Francis, 2025-01-30) Simpson, Charles WC; Moore, Katelyn S; Smith, Hoani; Coskun, Betul; Hamlin, MichaelTo determine muscle oxygenation with continuous blood flow restriction (BFR) training in high load (HL), 80% one-repetition maximum (1RM) and low load (LL), 30% 1RM squat exercises. In week-2 of a 4-week resistance training programme as part of their 3-set training routine, two groups of athletes (n = 4 each), one performing HL training with low cuff pressure (20% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP)), the other LL training with high cuff pressure (60% AOP) had muscle oxygenation assessed with near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS), arterial oxygen saturation (SPO₂), heart rate (HR), barbell velocity and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during barbell back squats (BBS). Changes in the vastus lateralis oximetry were compared to pre- and post-training squat (1RM). Across athletes, there were significant associations between two pre-set-3 exercise variables and post-training 1RM, Tissue Saturation Index (TSI) (R² = 0.92, p < 0.0002) and HHb concentration (R² = 0.79, p < 0.003). Generalised regression models indicated that TSI % and HHb concentrations before and after set 3 timepoints were significant predictors of post-training 1RM in the LL group (R² = 0.99, BIC = −24.9). Well-tolerated continuous LL-BFR training provided greater increases in strength than HL-BFR in athletes.Item Open Access Effectiveness of blood flow restriction training during a taper phase in basketball players(Taylor & Francis Group, 2025) Smith, Hoani; Bird, Stephen P; Coskun, Betul; Olsen, Peter D; Kavanagh, Thomas; Hamlin, MichaelThis study investigates the effectiveness of blood flow restriction (BFR) training in maintaining athletic performance during a taper phase in basketball players. The taper phase aims to reduce external load while maintaining training intensity. Seventeen experienced basketball players were randomised into two groups: a placebo group (n = 8, 22.0 ± 2.1 years, mean ± SD) and BFR group (n = 9, 21.1 ± 1.5 years). The training schedule included strength trainings, team trainings, individual skill sessions and competitive games. During the 4-week taper period, lifting volume was reduced while either maintaining (placebo) or reducing (BFR) lifting load. The BFR group lifted with 60% arterial occlusion pressure at 25–30% of their 1RM, whereas the placebo group trained at 80% of their 1RM with BFR cuffs inflated to only 20%. Compared to the placebo group, BFR participants improved 5 m (−1.4 ± 1.5% mean ± 95% CI p = 0.03) and 10 m (−1.1 ± 0.5%, p = <0.01) sprint performance along with barbell back squat (9.6 ± 8.0%, p = 0.013) and counter-movement jump (1.1 ± 0.8%, p = 0.0035). BFR during the taper phase enabled a reduction in lifting load with no reduction in subsequent performance measures.Item Open Access Exercise with weight vest plus chicken protein supplementation delayed muscle and bone loss in older female adults(The Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition, 2024-12-31) Nithisup, Peeraporn; Manimmanakorn, Apiwan; Hamlin, Michael; Maneesai, Putcharawipa; Manimmanakorn, Nuttaset; Khaengkhan, Chiraphorn; La-bantao, Kittamook; Tantanasest, Jidapa[Purpose] This study examined the effects of moderate-to-heavy exercise training combined with weighted vest and chicken protein supplementation in older adult females. [Methods] Fifty-two female participants, 60–79 years old, were randomly divided into three groups: control (non-exercise) (CON), exercise with weighted vest (WV), and exercise with weighted vest and protein supplementation (3 g of protein daily; WVP).All participants performed brisk walking and strengthening exercises for 50 min/day, three times/week, for 8 weeks. Muscle mass, bone mineral content, T-score, and physical performance were measured. [Results}The WVP group demonstrated a substantial increase in thoracic spine bone mineral content (8.4 ± 7.7 g, p = 0.001), and total body lean mass (0.2 ± 1.0 kg) compared with that in the other two groups. The CON and WV groups showed a decrease in thoracic spine bone mineral content (CON= -1.8 ± 1.8, WV= -3.9 ± 0.1 g) and total body lean mass (CON= -0.7 ± 0.9, WV= -0.8 ± 0.9 kg) compared with those in the WVP group. The WVP and WV groups had increased T-score (WVP= 0.01 ± 0.16, WV= 0.02 ± 0.18) when compared with that of the CON group (-0.19 ± 0.12). Both the WV and WVP groups displayed improved physical performance compared with that of the CON group. [Conclusion] Combined exercise with either a weighted vest or protein supplementation proved to be effective in protecting against trunk bone and muscle mass loss, and improving physical fitness in older female adults.Item Open Access Bridging the researcher-stakeholder gap in leisure and tourism: A framework for enhancing the impact of scoping reviews(Taylor & Francis Group, 2025) Hassanli, Najmeh; Walters, Trudie; Williamson, JanineScoping reviews are instrumental for synthesizing evidence and mapping research landscapes, but effective stakeholder engagement is also essential to ensure their relevance to both practice and policy. Despite its importance, stakeholder engagement in leisure and tourism scoping reviews has been limited. This methodological paper presents the Co-Creation Scoping Review Framework (CSRF) to enhance collaborative knowledge creation. By expanding the traditional five-stage scoping review process to seven stages, the CSRF places a strong emphasis on stakeholder engagement, effectively bridging the divide between researchers and stakeholders. This framework enhances the relevance of scoping reviews for both academic and practical applications, promoting more inclusive research methods, improving knowledge mobilization, and guiding future practice and research. The paper provides detailed guidance on implementing the CSRF, including a step-by-step approach and examples from recent leisure and tourism scoping reviews, demonstrating how the CSRF could have been applied to engage stakeholders and increase the relevance of findings.Item Open Access Disabled people, arts festivals and emotional timescapes: An exploratory case study(Taylor & Francis, 2025-01-21) Walters, Trudie; Wills, RodThis exploratory study contributes to the leisure studies literature in three main ways: through foregrounding the emotionality of intellectually disabled people, an under-represented group within the context of events; through focusing on an arts festival, a form of event overlooked in comparison to other commonly studied types of events; and finally, through the testing of a new methodological framework – Brown’s emotional timescapes for events, itself adapted from Maguire and Geiger’s work on servicescapes. In this New Zealand-based study, we explore the emotions experienced by attendees, performers, volunteers, support workers and event organisers. Data from 20 interviews, participant observation and autoethnography was deductively analysed with a focus on expressions of emotion. We crafted a narrative for each individual, allowing us to identify the influence of the eventscape and map temporal patterns of emotional responses across the festival timescape. Findings show that participants experienced strong positive emotions. This was influenced by elements of the eventscape. In particular, interaction with others (including audience reaction) played a significant role in emotional timescapes. While the emotional timescape model was useful for broadly representing intensity of emotion over the duration of an event, we also identified limitations and propose a way to expand Brown’s theory.Item Open Access Enhancing resilience for New Zealand red meat producers by understanding the options, barriers and enablers to selling direct to the consumer(2024) Matheson Sullivan, Angela; Fountain, Joanna; Stewart, Emma; Cradock-Henry, NicholasNatural hazard events have significant impacts on rural communities through disruption to infrastructure and lifelines, production systems, and disruption to fast-moving agri-food chains. Selling direct-to-consumer (D2C), or farm to fork, is one way to help mitigate some of the risks arising from natural hazards, and maintain and potentially enhance, social, environmental and economic resilience. D2C sales may also add value, shorten the supply chain and increase the sustainability of the food system (Çakmakçı et al., 2023, FAO, 2022; Floriš et al., 2022). This project explores farmers’ perspectives on the barriers and enablers to selling red meat products D2C. The aim of the study, using a series of semi-structured interviews (N=14) with livestock farmers, is to understand how the interaction of farmers’ values and knowledge, and the NZ rules relating to food production, distribution and sales, shape outcomes for producers and strengthen rural resilience.Item Open Access Doing conferences differently: Decentralising for ecological and social sustainability(California Digital Library (CDL), 2024-12-11) Corneyllie, Alexandra; Walters, Trudie; Dubarry, Anne Sophie; He, Xun; Hinault, Thomas; Ković, Vanja; Medani, Takfarinas; Pascarella, Annalisa; Pinet, Svetlana; Ruzzoli, Manuela; Schaworonkow, Natalie; Šoškić, Anđela; Stekić, Katarina; Tsilimparis, Konstantinos; Ulloa, José Luis; Wang, Ruijie; Chaumon, MaximilienConferences are invaluable for career progression, offering unique opportunities for networking, collaboration, and learning. However, there are challenges associated with the traditional in-person conference format. For example, there is a significant ecological impact from attendees’ travel behaviour, and there are social inequities in conference attendance, with historically marginalised groups commonly facing barriers to participation. Innovative event design practices that enable academic conferences to be ‘done differently’ are crucial for addressing these ecological and social sustainability challenges. However, while some innovative conference practices have emerged in recent years, largely as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been little research carried out on the effectiveness of such practices. Our study addresses this gap using a mixed methods approach to analyse a real-world decentralised conference held in 2023, comparing it to traditional in-person conference and fully online conference scenarios. The decentralised format consists of local in-person hubs in different locations around the world, each with a bespoke local programme developed around a shared core global programme. We calculated the CO₂ emissions from transport for each scenario and found the decentralised conference had significantly lower emissions than a traditional in-person conference, but higher emissions than a fully online conference. We also interviewed 14 local hub organisers and attendees to gain their perspectives about the ecological and social sustainability benefits of the decentralised conference format. We found that the more accessible and inclusive format attracted a more diverse range of attendees, meaning that the benefits attributed to conference attendance were able to be shared more equitably. This study is the first to provide evidence of the ecological and social sustainability benefits of doing conferences differently; by doing so it can be used in the argument to help transition conferences to a more desirable state in terms of ecological and social sustainability.Item Open Access Adaptation to climate change among Māori-Led tourism businesses in Aotearoa New Zealand: A case study of Westland/Tai Poutini National Park, and proximate destination townships(2024) Hamilton, Abby; Fountain, Joanna; Stewart, Emma; Espiner, StephenUsing qualitative semi-structured interviews, this study set out to explore how selected Māori-led tourism businesses are experiencing and adapting to the effects of climate change in Westland Tai Poutini National Park and proximate destination townships. The research sought to understand how Māori-led tourism businesses are preparing for anticipated changes in climate and how their business adaptation planning aligns with Māori values. Also explored, in the context of climate change adaption, were the risks and opportunities for Māori-led tourism businesses in Te Tai Poutini. The results of this research offer a a cultural lens on climate change adaptation, which has rarely been considered in tourism. The findings will inform strategy discussions among tourism operators, managers and the wider tourism sector in relation to climate change adaptation planning.Item Open Access Where’s the community in community resilience? A post-earthquake study in Kaikōura, Aotearoa New Zealand(Massey University, 2024-12) Rudkevitch, Ashley; Vallance, Suzanne; Stewart, EmmaTheories about what communities are have been constantly evolving in response to considerations about the complex and multi-faceted processes that shape them. While this has led to conceptual refinement in some areas of research, debates about the nature of community are often overlooked when the term is paired with other concepts such as resilience. In such pairings, more discussion is evident over the meaning of resilience than the nature of community. Studies that focus on the resilience of a community risk neglecting the complex dynamics that shape them and, as a consequence, tend to underestimate how these processes influence resilience. Framed by Paton’s (2006) model of adaptive capacity, in this paper we argue that a more nuanced understanding of community which acknowledges the web of formal and informal relationships is required. These relationships give rise to “collectives” which, in turn, are integral to a community’s resilience because they bridge the gap between the individual and “the” community. This paper uses qualitative methods to examine collectives in Kaikōura, Aotearoa New Zealand following a Mw7. 8 earthquake to further our understanding of what is meant by community in community resilience. By examining the meso/collective level, rather than the micro/individual or macro/community level of community, a more nuanced understanding of community resilience emerges.Publication Open Access The implications of climate change for Māori-led tourism businesses in New Zealand/Aotearoa: A case study of Westland Tai Poutini National Park and its proximate destination townships : A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science at Lincoln University(Lincoln University, 2024) Hamilton, AbbyThis study set out to explore through qualitative semi-structured interviews (n= 13) how selected Māori-led tourism businesses are experiencing and adapting to the effects of climate change in Westland Tai Poutini National Park and proximate destination townships. The research sought to explore how Māori-led tourism businesses are preparing for the predicted climate change impacts and how their businesses’ adaptation planning aligns with Māori values. Also explored, in the context of climate change adaptation, were the risks and opportunities for Māori-led tourism businesses in Te Tai Poutini. The results of this research provide a cultural lens, which is rarely considered for climate change adaptation. The findings will inform strategy discussions among tourism operators, managers and the wider tourism sector in relation to climate change adaptation planning.Publication Open Access The lived experience of adults with Dyspraxia/DCD : A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University(Lincoln University, 2024) McAllum, Leanne MariaDyspraxia is an emergent social phenomenon that has generally been associated with childhood and motor coordination difficulties. The experience of Dyspraxia in adulthood is, conversely, not well understood with only a small number of studies examining Dyspraxia across the life course. Dyspraxia is predominantly conceptualised in both the research literature and practice using the biomedical model. Dyspraxia is one of several neurodivergent experiences and possibly the least well known, having only been recognised in the past two decades, in comparison to a longer social awareness of experiences such as Dyslexia and Autism. Known as Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in the medical literature, the phenomenon has been etiologically defined as a physical functional deficit. By contrast, Dyspraxia can also be understood as having cognitive functional aspects, such as in the Aotearoa New Zealand context. The objectives of this research were firstly to examine the lived experiences of participants with Dyspraxia/ DCD in relation to predominant social biomedical conceptualisations. A second objective was to identify the repercussions of contemporary social framings of Dyspraxia/ DCD in Aotearoa New Zealand and how Dyspraxia is understood and addressed, particularly in adulthood. The approach taken to answer the research objectives was that of the thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews undertaken with both people with Dyspraxia and professional participants. In this work, a qualitative approach was employed in the form of semi-structured interviews with twenty-three people with Dyspraxia to better understand the lived experience. Further, twenty-six professionals in medical and education fields were also interviewed to investigate the role of institutions on the Dyspraxia lived experience. Participants were located through two gatekeeper organisations, cold-calling and snowball sampling techniques. This research, undertaken by an insider researcher with Dyspraxia, highlighted that an examination of Dyspraxia is unable to be considered independently of social contexts. Further, it was found that biomedical framings affected the lived experience of participants with Dyspraxia/DCD in Aotearoa New Zealand and the subsequent social response to the phenomenon. The lived experience of Dyspraxia in adulthood was found to have implications for how people with Dyspraxia construct their identity with Dyspraxic participants describing the need to adapt in normative social settings to achieve inclusion. This thesis adds to current conceptualisations by utilising the capabilities approach (CA) to examine the lived experience of Dyspraxia in relation to the medical and social models. Throughout are a range of accounts from Dyspraxic participants, describing their attempts to access the capabilities necessary to ensure the life outcomes they value. The CA can account for the significant changes between childhood and adulthood described by study participants within their social worlds. In contrast to the biomedical perception that DCD is a physical deficit, this thesis shows that the attainment of capabilities is complex and evolves across the lifespan in response to personal heterogeneities but also the social environments that Dyspraxic participants inhabit. The CA was found in the discussion to improve upon, and complement, current conceptualisations of Dyspraxia. Conceptualising Dyspraxia in alternate ways to better explain study findings, such as using the CA, suggests a range of areas for future research and practice.Item Open Access Social media, mental health and equestrian events(Cognizant Communication Corporation, 2024-10-29) Snell, Sarah; Jepson, Allan; Stadler, Raphaela; Walters, Trudie; Dashper, Kate; Spencer, Neil; Bhatia, PersiaMany studies have investigated the benefits and drawbacks of social media, but the impact it has on amateur sports participants who use it as part of their practice has been largely overlooked. This study addresses this gap, investigating the impacts of social media on the mental health of women participating in amateur sport activities – specifically, equestrian events through a mixed methods survey of 221 female amateur equestrians in the UK. Themes included the pressure to present a ‘perfect’ image to an external audience, the stress of comparison to others, and constant judgement around the performance of a participant. We also found issues of distorted reality and false representation. We conclude by highlighting a need for better assistance for athletes both while they are competing at events and at other times, particularly pre/post event.Item Open Access Implementation of gender quota requirements by local associations in New Zealand cricket(Taylor & Francis Grouo, 2024) Hill, S; Kerr, Roslyn; Ryan, Greg; Kavanagh, ThomasPurpose/rationale: To examine the implementation of a gender quota requirement for boards, introduced by Sport NZ in 2018, on local cricket governance in New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach: An open-ended qualitative survey to local board members, face-to-face interviews with management and key stakeholders, and examination of organisational documentation. Findings: The study confirmed that the male-dominated boards did not know how to source female members but showed that the gender quota requirement was effective since boards all described making changes to reach the quota requirement. Professionalisation of the boards was also improved. Practical implications: Quotas do work in creating change but ideally should also be implemented with more assistance about how to make change and provide platforms for associations to share knowledge about their processes. Research contribution: Strongly entrenched male sports cultures can be disrupted and improved through top-down externally driven policies. Originality/value: The implementation of gender quota requirements results in increased professionalisation of boards.Item Open Access Agritourism in New Zealand: A guide to successful operation(Post Quake Farming, 2021) Fountain, Joanna; Wilson, CraigThis guide and set of accompanying templates was created for a wide range of people with a common interest in the intersection between agriculture, and other forms of primary production, and tourism. So whether you’re a farmer, food or wine producer, have a tourism business that works with farmers or primary producers, or are a budding entrepreneur with an agritourism idea, this document is for you. If you’re just starting out, you may want to work through the information in the order of the Table of Contents shown on the next page. If you have an existing operation, just focus on the sections that seem most relevant to you. This document will be regularly updated and enhanced. If you’d like to see or contribute additional information, please contact joanna.fountain@lincoln.ac.nz or craig@qualitytourism.co.nz. This resource guide has been produced with the support of Beef + Lamb New Zealand, the Ministry for Primary Industries, and Environment Canterbury, through the Post Quake Farming Project.