Potential solutions for reducing environmental impact of pest mammal monitoring in New Zealand: A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University

Abstract

The environmental impact of plastic-based monitoring tools, such as chewcards and tracking tunnels is an underexplored issue. This thesis investigates the use of single-use plastic in the New Zealand conservation sector, assessing its environmental impact and exploring sustainable alternatives. Motivated by insights gained from a social survey and personal experience in the field, this research revealed widespread concern about the environmental consequences of using plastic-based monitoring tools and interest in sustainable alternatives. Using a combination of methods, this study integrates qualitative data from the stakeholder survey with quantitative analysis comparing the effectiveness of wood-pulp chewcards compared to plastic chewcards, and the potential environmental impact of wood-pulp chewcards. Field trails assessed whether target species interacted differently with wood-pulp chewcards in comparison to plastic chewcards, while controlled laboratory trials examined the success of the biodegradation of wood- pulp material. Results highlighted a key gap in current conservation practices and tools, and the need for innovation in sustainable monitoring solutions. This research contributes to the broader theme of sustainability in conservation, providing a foundation for future research and policy development in sustainable conservation practices.