Smallholder farmers’ access to high-value fresh vegetables chains in Liwonde, Malawi : A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master at Lincoln University

Abstract

Malawi is one of the poorest nations in the world, with 70% of the population living on less than $1.90USD/day (Schenck, 2018). Liwonde, the focus of this study, is the ninth largest urban settlement in Malawi and is located in the southern part of the country. Tourism generated by the Liwonde National Park presents a valuable opportunity for local vegetable smallholders who could benefit from the high value fresh vegetable chain that services the tourist lodges. However, only a few Liwonde smallholders currently participate in this high value chain. This study maps the current value chain to identify current actors and governance structures. More specifically, the study develops a schematic system dynamics (SD) model to identify the dynamic phenomena that affect the actors. At present (2019), the value chain is largely built on informal relationships, regardless of the specificity of transactions. Lodges have specific product quality and quantity requirements that local smallholders are unable to meet due to production and market constraints. The study’s results demonstrate that collective action could improve Liwonde smallholders’ ability to meet these requirements. The issuing of an appreciable, tradable delivery right could encourage contract compliance, patronage, and member contributions. These rights may encourage smallholders to invest in producing vegetables that meet the lodges’ quality, quantity and variety demands. Members may not only benefit from access to cheaper inputs and a stable market, but also appreciation of their equity contribution.