Analysis of the influence of residential location on light passenger vehicle energy demand

Abstract

New Zealand’s current urban environment assumes a constant availability and affordability of energy (oil) and as such the energy demand of private vehicles is rarely considered during the resource consent process for residential developments. However, due to the uncertainty of future oil supply, it is crucial for the Government to understand the fundamental relationship between transport energy demand and land use.

This research aimed to provide an analysis of energy demand for New Zealand light passenger vehicles relative to residential location through the examination of historic and current data and modelling of future energy demand, including the variation in energy demand between commuting and non-commuting residents located in outlying residential subdivisions and commuter towns. The purpose was to provide local authorities and Government with an improved understanding of the relationship between energy demand and residential location as well as highlight the necessary strategies to reduce this demand.

An application was specifically developed to facilitate the research; Vehicle Energy Demand Analysis Software (VEDAS). The unique functionality of VEDAS was applied to two New Zealand case studies; Greater Christchurch (South Island) and Greater Tauranga (North Island). The most influential factors affecting light passenger vehicle energy demand, including vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) and vehicle age and engine capacity were examined. In addition, a number of scenarios were modelled to highlight the impact of transport and land-use planning strategies such as transit orientated and location efficient development as well as modelling the effects of a more fuel efficient vehicle fleet.