Some aspects of management for New Zealand wetlands

Abstract

This study has considered some management aspects of New Zealand's wetland resource. An overview of past and present uses of some wetland types and possible trends illustrate attitudes toward wetland. The depleted status of the resource is stressed. The need for management of the complex and diverse wetland resource is seen as necessary.

The ecological and economic perspectives discussed contribute to an understanding of wetland systems and the benefits derived from them. The ecological and social principles provide some important elements of policy for wetlands. Two features are emphasised. Firstly, the need to recognise wetlands as distinct ecosystems that include a diversity of types and provide a wide range of benefits. Secondly, the dynamic interactions of wetlands requires an integrated approach to management; within the watershed, and between local, regional, national and international levels of organisation.

Existing policy relevant to wetlands is briefly reviewed. An analysis of present policy is based on the suggested elements of policy derived from the ecological and economic perspectives.

The NWASCO Wetland Guidelines (1982) and the Land Settlement Board Policy (1983) apply specifically to wetlands. Elsewhere wetlands are only indirectly referred to. The Water and Soil Conservation Act, 1967, and the Town and Country Planning Act, 1977 have the potential to provide an important coordinating role over land, wetland, and water uses. Indirect reference to wetland management may leave policy open to interpretation. Difficulties may arise when implementing conflicting policy such as land development incentive and flood protection schemes.

The study concludes that there is a need for a clearly stated national policy. Legislatively enforced guidelines may provide an important coordinating mechanism for the management of a complex resource. The wide range of benefit flows, both now and in the future may be better appreciated.