Risk management in air cargo : A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Transport Studies at Lincoln University

Abstract

Air cargo security is a very important issue concerning by governments and the public globally after the September 11th tragedy in 2001 in the USA, and then people focus on how to mitigate risks of aircraft intrusion and improve explosives detection. New Zealand is a small country, which is deemed to be safe due to its diplomatic strategy and geographical location. However, although the chances of being targeted by terrorists are quite slim, the risks of cargo crimes are still around. Cargo crimes normally involve baggage tampering. There are two types of baggage tampering: stealing and smuggling. Both of the activities are serious offence under the law. The author uses risk management techniques to analyze the security gaps existing in the current air transport system with a view to how the risks of cargo crimes might be mitigated. There are 8 major security gaps identified in the system, which are: • Insecure Unit Load Device (ULDs) • Lack of up-to-date inspection facilities and infrequent inspection • Poor security of the storeroom • Low level security consciousness of staff • Trust worthiness of staff • Imprecise weight control • Critical hands-off and unmonitored periods • Unrestricted access of unauthorized personnel to bond store

With regard to the security gaps, different risk management techniques and possible solutions are provided respectively. Moreover, a three-step improvement programme is recommended, which comprises: • First Stage: implement a strict time and weight measurement system • Stage Two: Applied limited new technology • Stage Three: Locate integrated bond districts in the Christchurch Airport region and engage fully with advanced technologies.

In general, addressing cargo crimes issues may also improve overall cargo security as well as lessen the threats of terrorism attacks. While the recommendations of this research are directed towards cargo crime issues in Christchurch, they could also be applicable to air cargo security in the whole of New Zealand where other security concerns such as explosive and incendiary device detection, hazardous materials detection, and deterring hijackings and sabotage may also be addressed through the implementation of tighter security systems.