https://hdl.handle.net/10182/41 2017-11-22T03:33:13Z https://hdl.handle.net/10182/8737 Actor co-ordination in the disaster rebuild phase: An explorative case study of the 2010/11 Christchurch earthquakes Wilson, Mark M. J.; Merilainen, E. The coordination of actors has been a major focus for much of the research in the disaster relief humanitarian logistics discipline. While much of this literature focuses on the initial response phase, little has been written on the longer term recover phase. As the response phase transitions into the longer term recover phase the number and types of actors change from predominantly disaster relief NGOs to more commercial entities we argue that humanitarian values should still be part of the rebuild phase. It has been noted that humanitarian actors both cooperate and compete at the same time (Balcik, Beamon, Krejci, Muramatsu and Ramirez, 2010), in a form of behavior that can be described as ‘co-opetition’ (Nalebuff and Brandenburger, 1996). We use a case study approach to examine an organizational model used to coordinate civil and commercial actors for the rebuild of the civil infrastructure for Christchurch, New Zealand following a series of devastating earthquakes in 2010/11. For the rebuild phase we argue that ‘co-opetition’ is a key behaviour that allows the blending of humanitarian and commercial values to help communities rebuild to a new normal. While at this early stage our contribution is limited, we eventually hope to fully elaborate on an organisational model that has been created specifically for the tight coordination of commercial actors and its relevance to the rebuild phase of a disaster. Examining the behaviour of co-opetition and the structures that incentivise this behaviour offers insights for the humanitarian logistic field. 2014-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10182/8722 Food network resilience against natural disasters: A conceptual framework Umar, Muhammad; Wilson, Mark M. J.; Heyl, Jeffery E. We propose a conceptual framework that highlights the importance of logistics, collaboration, sourcing, and knowledge management in achieving supply chain resilience. This framework is developed after extensive literature review of relief supply chains, supply chain resilience, and disaster management disciplines. This review reveals that our understanding of supply chain resilience for food supply chains in a disaster scenario is still in its infancy. We note the lack of any consolidated framework or generalized theory in this area. Different topics related to resilience are usually discussed in isolation; hence, this research has attempted to combine different concepts drawn from various areas into one framework. We postulate that food supply chains can develop certain capabilities such as agility, adaptability, and alignment within the four supply chain domains of logistics, collaboration, sourcing, and knowledge management. Supply chain orientation and risk management culture plays the facilitating role in this framework. Adopting this systems approach would allow greater insights into how food supply chains can become more resilient to natural disasters. 2017-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10182/8714 Extended value stream mapping: creating a supply chain view of phytosanitary compliance for export timber Anderson, Elizabeth This research examines expanding Value Stream Mapping (VSM) from a single organisation tool to a supply chain tool. VSM is a lean production tool that is used to identify areas of waste, traditionally in manufacturing processes internal to a single organisation. This research will adapt and apply a supply chain view of VSM in the context of New Zealand timber exports with a focus on phytosanitary compliance. Phytosanitary regulations are an important part of international trade as it allows for countries to ensure that products entering their country are free from contaminants, such as pests and diseases. New Zealand must meet other countries phytosanitary requirements in order to enforce our biosecurity measures. Meeting these phytosanitary regulations for export adds cost and reduces efficiencies across the supply chain, reducing this impact while still maintaining a high standard would be beneficial to the export industries in New Zealand, this research will focus on the timber industry. This research uses a multi case study approach to apply VSM to create six current state maps for the phytosanitary compliance processes in the supply chain for sawn timber being exported to Australia and a selection of countries in Asia. The research outlines the traditional methods used in VSM and suggests an adapted method of applying VSM to processes that cross multiple organisational boundaries for a supply chain view. A single future state map is then created, with suggested industry changes. The research objectives are to apply VSM across multiple organisations in a supply chain, to identify the current state map of the processes involved with meeting phytosanitary compliance requirements for Australia and several countries in Asia for sawn timber, and to suggest a future state map for the phytosanitary compliance system in New Zealand. Overall, it was found that the current phytosanitary processes are well managed in New Zealand and meets the requirements of our key export customers. However, the application of a supply chain VSM view has revealed some wastes that could improve the process. This research adds to the established Lean systems literature with an adapted supply chain VSM approach. 2017-06-30T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10182/8608 Internationalisation of Indonesian SMEs Revindo, Mohamad Dian Indonesia faces rapid changes in its international trade policies and environment owing to its engagement in various bilateral, regional and multilateral free trade agreements. Free trade escalates business competition for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the domestic market through cheap imported products and the increasing operation of foreign enterprises, but offers enormous opportunities for SMEs to export and venture abroad. However, Indonesian SMEs are less able to take advantage of foreign market opportunities than their large counterparts and only account for a small share of Indonesia’s non-oil and gas exports, contradicting their important contribution to business establishment, employment provision and value added creation. This study analyses the internationalisation of Indonesian SMEs, with focus on their direct-export activities. In particular, the study examines the characteristics of exporting and non-exporting SMEs in terms of export stimuli, export barriers, network relationships and participation in government’s export assistance programmes. The study investigates the strategies and processes undertaken by SMEs to become exporters along with the factors influencing SMEs’ export engagement, the determinants of SMEs’ export intensity and the factors influencing SMEs’ performance improvement due to export engagement. The policy measures to foster SMEs’ exports are formulated based on the research results. Primary data was obtained from survey questionnaires administered in April-August 2014 to SMEs in seven provinces in Java, Madura and Bali regions and central government agencies whose policies are related to SMEs and/or international trade. The survey yielded a response rate of 53.76% and 497 usable responses, including 271 exporting SMEs and 226 non-exporting SMEs. Descriptive statistics were used to distinguish the characteristics of exporting and non-exporting SMEs. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensions of export stimuli and export barriers. The empirical frameworks include binary logistic regression to estimate the determinants of SMEs’ export engagement and fractional logit regression to estimate the determinants of SMEs’ export intensity and exporting SMEs’ performances. The descriptive statistics results show that SMEs are stimulated to export because they aspire to find new markets, but they initiate export activities because of the presence of foreign buyers. SMEs plan to begin exporting to neighbouring countries but they, in reality, initiate export to large and high income countries. SMEs’ timing to become exporters varies across provinces. Exporting SMEs in Bali and Yogyakarta, two main tourist destination provinces, on average take less time to internationalise from the outset, indicating a born global firm phenomenon probably due to high exposure to foreigners. The estimation results show that SMEs’ propensity to engage in export activities is influenced by the international work experience of the owners/managers, product, location, firm age, firm size, central government assistance, network relationships with non-government actors and their perceptions of export barriers. SMEs’ export intensity is affected by the international work experience of the owners/managers, location, firm age, firm size, export experience, export market, central government assistance, network relationships with non-government actors and their perceptions of export barriers. Engaging in export activities may improve SMEs’ performances, but the performances are influenced by owners/managers’ education level, firm size, export experience, export intensity, the presence of foreign investors and SMEs’ participation in central government’s export assistance programmes. SMEs encounter various export barriers at pre-exporting and exporting stages. At the pre-exporting stage, SMEs are less likely to engage in export activities if they perceive difficulties in tariff and non-tariff barriers, informational and human resource barriers, distribution, logistics and promotional barriers, business environment barriers in host countries, procedural barriers, and foreign customer and competitor barriers. At the exporting stage, SMEs are prevented from sustaining and developing their exports mainly by informational and human resources barriers, distribution, logistics and promotional barriers, financial barriers, foreign government barriers, procedural barriers and price barriers. However, the policy makers and the SMEs have different perceptions on the severities of each type of export barrier. The results provide new evidence on firm internationalisation theories, namely the Uppsala Model, the Network Model, the Resource-Based View and the International New Venture Theory. The results give insight for the policy makers seeking to identify potential exporters, develop effective assistance to remove the main export barriers and strengthen the function of internationalisation networks. The results also provide insights for SMEs’ managerial teams to enable the speeding up of their internationalisation process. 2017-04-12T00:00:00Z