The biogeography of New Zealand is summarised for its influence on current landscapes and conservation needs. The classification of terrain in New Zealand is historically summarised. The present changes in land use and resource administration are outlined. Landscape usage is reviewed as perception and concept and comparative etymology examined to trace usage change. Cultural and natural littleness is identified as key to promoting landship, nature conservation and wise use planning.

This paper was presented at the: International Conference on Landscape of the Southern Hemisphere, Adelaide, S.A. 2-7 September 1986.