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Analysis of potentially mobile phosphorus in arable soils using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance

Research Archive

Analysis of potentially mobile phosphorus in arable soils using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance

McDowell, Richard ; Condron, Leo M. ; Mahieu, N. ; Brookes, P. ; Poulton, P. ; Sharpley, A. N.
Type: Journal Article
Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/10182/1700
Originally published: 2002 by American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America and available at http://jeq.scijournals.org/cgi/content/full/31/2/450
Rights: Copyright © 2002 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
Keywords: phosphorus; soil; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Agronomy & Agriculture; Environmental Pollutants; Soil Pollutants; Water Pollutants; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ecosystem; Solubility; Agriculture
Fields of Research: 05 Environmental Sciences; 06 Biological Sciences; 04 Earth Sciences

Abstract:

In many intensive agroecosystems continued inputs of phosphorus (P) over many years can significantly increase soil P concentrations and the risk of P loss to surface waters. For this study we used solid-state ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-power decoupling with magic angle spinning (HPDec–MAS) NMR, and cross polarization with magic angle spinning (CP–MAS) NMR to determine the chemical nature of potentially mobile P associated with aluminum (Al) and calcium (Ca) in selected arable soils. Three soils with a range of bicarbonate-extractable Olsen P concentrations (40–102 mg P kg⁻¹) were obtained from a long-term field experiment on continuous root crops at Rothamsted, UK, established in 1843 (sampled 1958). This soil has a threshold or change point at 59 mg Olsen P kg⁻¹, above which potentially mobile P (as determined by extraction with water or 0.01 M CaCl₂) increases much more per unit increase in Olsen P than below this point. Results showed that CaCl₂ and water preferentially extracted Al-P and Ca-P forms, respectively, from the soils. Comparison among the different soils also indicated that potentially mobile P above the threshold was largely present as a combination of soluble and loosely adsorbed (protonated–cross polarized) P forms largely associated with Ca, such as monetite (CaHPO₄) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO₄·2H₂O), and some Al-associated P as wavellite. The findings of this study demonstrate that solid-state NMR has the potential to provide accurate information on the chemical nature of soil P species and their potential mobility.

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