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    Ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide emission from pig slurry applied to a pasture in New Zealand

    Sherlock, Robert R.; Sommer, S. G.; Khan, R. Z.; Wood, C. W.; Guertal, E. A.; Freney, J. R.; Dawson, Christopher O.; Cameron, Keith C.
    Abstract
    Much animal manure is being applied to small land areas close to animal confinements, resulting in environmental degradation. This paper reports a study on the emissions of ammonia (NH₃), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from a pasture during a 90-d period after pig slurry application (60 m³ ha⁻¹) to the soil surface. The pig slurry contained 6.1 kg total N m⁻³, 4.2 kg of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN = NH₃ + NH₄) m⁻³, and 22.1 kg C m⁻³, and had a pH of 8.14. Ammonia was lost at a fast rate immediately after slurry application (4.7 kg N ha⁻¹ h⁻¹), when the pH and TAN concentration of the surface soil were high, but the loss rate declined quickly thereafter. Total NH₃ losses from the treated pasture were 57 kg N ha⁻¹ (22.5% of the TAN applied). Methane emission was highest (39.6 g C ha⁻¹ h⁻¹) immediately after application, as dissolved CH₄ was released from the slurry. Emissions then continued at a low rate for approximately 7 d, presumably due to metabolism of volatile fatty acids in the anaerobic slurry–treated soil. The net CH₄ emission was 1052 g C ha⁻¹ (0.08% of the carbon applied). Nitrous oxide emission was low for the first 14 d after slurry application, then showed emission peaks of 7.5 g N ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ on Day 25 and 15.8 g N ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ on Day 67, and decline depending on rainfall and nitrate (NO₃) concentrations. Emission finally reached background levels after approximately 90 d. Nitrous oxide emission was 7.6 kg N ha⁻¹ (2.1% of the N applied). It is apparent that of the two major greenhouse gases measured in this study, N₂O is by far the more important tropospheric pollutant.... [Show full abstract]
    Keywords
    emissions; ammonia; methane; nitrous oxide; pig slurry; Agronomy & Agriculture; Animals; Swine; Manure; Soil; Air Pollutants; Refuse Disposal; Volatilization; Agriculture
    Fields of Research
    04 Earth Sciences; 05 Environmental Sciences; 06 Biological Sciences
    Date
    2002
    Type
    Journal Article
    Collections
    • Department of Soil and Physical Sciences [411]
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    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.1491
    Metadata
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    Copyright © 2002 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
    Citation
    Sherlock, R. R., Sommer, S. G., Khan, R. Z., Wood, C. W., Guertal, E. A., Freney, J. R., et al. (2002). Ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide emission from pig slurry applied to a pasture in New Zealand. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31(5), 1491-1501.
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