Wine making by-products

Abstract

Approximately, 67.1 million tons of grapes were utilized in wine production in 2013 (FAO 2014). This generates a considerable amount of waste because as much as 20% of the weight of processed grapes is not found in the final product (Mazza and Miniati 1993). There is growing interest in the utilization of this waste including its conversion into biofuels and use as nutrient supplements, food ingredients, and animal feeds.