Advancing physical activity and health through age-friendly cities in Aotearoa New Zealand: Challenges and pathways for promotion

Abstract

Purpose: Aotearoa New Zealand is undergoing a demographic transition towards a super-aged society, with the 65 and older cohort approaching 25% of the total population by mid century. Supporting healthy ageing requires age-inclusive urban environments that are responsive to the health and activity needs of older residents. The World Health Organization’s Age-Friendly Cities (AFC) Network offers a pathway to support such goals. This analysis critically reviewed the progress of AFC initiatives in New Zealand, with particular attention to how local implementation contributes to active living and wellbeing outcomes. Project or Policy Description: Using a qualitative policy review approach, we analysed AFC-related documents from seven New Zealand municipalities affiliated with the WHO AFC Network, including Auckland and Hamilton. Documents included baseline assessments, action plans, evaluation reports, and government policy statements. Findings revealed five persistent implementation challenges: (1) absence of measurable indicators related to physical activity or health, (2) over reliance on community implementation partners, (3) lack of long-term or dedicated funding, (4) limited support for AFC champions and volunteers, and (5) poor integration with existing urban design or active travel frameworks. While some councils reported actions relevant to physical activity, these were inconsistently resourced and often unmeasured. Conclusions: New Zealand’s engagement with the AFC Network is growing but remains constrained by fragmented implementation and a lack of policy coherence. Embedding age-friendly and activity-supportive design in broader infrastructure and urban planning strategies is essential. Key recommendations include developing local key performance indicators for physical activity promotion, ensuring transparent funding streams, and integrating AFC principles into long-term urban development plans. Without these measures, there is a risk that AFC Network membership may become a symbolic continuation of business-as-usual policy making. A more coordinated, resourced, and measurable approach is needed to realise the physical activity and health potential of age-friendly environments.