Are the devitalisation requirements for imported cut flowers and foliage fit for purpose?

Abstract

Devitalisation of biological materials is used as a phytosanitary measure to reduce the risk of establishment of unwanted plants in the environment and eliminate the spread of pests and diseases from imported material. For cut flowers and foliage, the treatment aims to prevent germination, propagation or any form of further growth without physical damage. Glyphosate is the primary chemical used. However, there is little data showing that the herbicide-based treatments are suitable to achieve the goals of the protocols. Limited research exists on their effectiveness or the impact different herbicide formulations and treatment conditions might have on different plant species. No scientific information was found on aspects of health and safety of handlers and end-users. Furthermore, the literature reviewed revealed that the devitalising effect of glyphosate can be reversed. We conclude that the limited scientific basis for current devitalisation protocols using glyphosate, or other herbicides, means the devitalisation process is questionable in its ability to meet the stated aims. To justify the continued requirement for devitalisation an extensive research programme would be required to develop protocols, confirm the efficacy of procedures and provide evidence-based guidelines for the pre-import treatment of fresh cut flowers and foliage