Asymmetric sharing of generalist pathogens between exotic and native plants correlates with exotic impact in communities

Abstract

1. As exotic plants invade into a new range, they can escape from specialist enemies. However, they may support generalist enemies, including both native and introduced fungal pathogens, which creates the potential for spillover and apparent competition from exotic to native plants in communities. 2. To assess the potential for spillover of putatively pathogenic, root-associated fungi (hereafter, ‘pathogens’) in communities invaded by exotic plants, we conducted a two-phase plant–soil feedback experiment: a monoculture experiment with native and exotic plants grown alone and a multi-species, community-level experiment that ranged in the extent of exotic dominance. We used next-generation sequencing to characterise sharing of pathogens between native and exotic plants in communities. 3. Exotic plants outperformed natives in communities, despite harbouring higher relative abundance of generalist pathogens. The higher generalism of pathogens supported by exotic plants made them more prone to be shared with natives. The proportion of pathogens shared between exotic and native plants in communities correlated with reduced competitive ability of native compared with exotic plants. 4. Synthesis: These data suggest that exotic plants host more generalist pathogens that are shared with native plants, which may confer an indirect benefit to exotic over native plants through apparent competition.