113 Appendix 3 River Trip Reports This appendix contains river trip reports on the following rivers (sections): Arahura (Newton Creek) Arahura (Milltown Gorge) Arnold Buller (Earthquake) Cascade (Gorge) Crooked (Upper and Lower) Grey (Upper Grey) Hokitika (Serpentine and Kakariki) Kakapotahi (Upper and Lower) Karamea (Venus Hut down) Kokatahi (Crawford Junction) Lands borough (Toe Toe Flat) Makawhio Martyr (Monkey Puzzle Gorge) Mikonui Moeraki Mokihinui (Johnson Hut, North Branch, The Forks) Moonlight Perth (Scone Hut, Five Finger Gully) Styx (Tyndall Creek) Taipo (Julia Hut, Seven Mile) Toaroha Totara Turnbull Waiatoto Waimangaroa Waipara Waitaha Wanganui (Upper and Adams confluence) Whitcombe (Cropp) These reports are also included in electronic form (pdf) in the attached DVD. 114 Notes River Report Form Arahura Milltown Gorge 06-12-2010 115 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Arahura (Milltown Gorge) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out On this trip, put in was at the ?Arahura playhole? through a farmer?s paddock at approx: 42? 48.730?S 171? 12.942?E 543585 At the ?Red Shed? approx: 42? 44.004?S 171? 6.965?E 457670 Access description 2wd vehicular access to take-out up Humphrey?s Gulley Road (off Arahura Valley Road off SH6), then drive round to Milltown Road off Kaniere Road. Access at put in and take-out involves crossing private land with good will. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 6 th December 2010 Group members (on this trip) Greymouth High School student trip, with 3 student kayakers and 2 staff including me on the river Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Mixed grade 2-3 whitewater, with shingle bars and chutes leading into bedrock gorge with rocky narrows and wide boulder rapids, leading out into shingle bars and flatter water to the take-out. Lots of good eddy-lines and teaching opportunities. Few hazards but real hazards do exist: tree strainers, small hydraulics. Flow on this day was low, about 20-30 cumecs. It would not often get lower than this and would be suitable for intermediate kayakers at a higher flow, possibly to 60 cumecs. It is therefore reliable in all but very low or very high flows. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Water was blue-green and clear with high visibility. although there is some cattle grazing upstream, the water seemed clean and drinkable. River bed features of bedrock, shingle and boulders were largely visible and attractive if not remarkable. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) At the put in and take-out, farming and forestry is visible. In the gorge, however, the valley is lined with native forest and appears largely pristine. There are shallow bedrock gorges and cliffs, overhung with vegetation, making a very scenic trip. Near the put in, views up valley are to the Alps. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Drive-up access and egress, farmland and signs of forestry reduce the wilderness feel, but there is a real wilderness feel in the gorge and egress is not at all easy. The long drive and gravel roads for access add to this feeling and urban or international visitors would most likely experience substantial wilderness feelings. River Report Form Arahura Milltown Gorge 06-12-2010 116 Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None on this trip Description of overall character of river This is 16km of classic advanced beginner/intermediate trip of the West Coast, with varied whitewater, suitable for a step up or first real river journey in scenic surrounds. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Grade 2-3; pool drop; reliable flow; scenic; water quality; advanced beginner; improver, Info for land managers Current access arrangements work well but are delicate and assistance with more robust arrangements may at some point be required. This would be well worthwhile. Info for rescue managers It is quite possible that a search may be required in this section, due to human activity (hunting, tramping, kayaking) around and upstream. A kayak team would be best suited to this section. An initial search by helo would be useful due to open river bed and good visibility. Clear water makes visibility great. The channel width is mostly suited to easy searching from kayak. The drawback is the length of section so large amount of water to search. Expect a high POD but allow 4 hours for a quick search and up to 10 hours for thorough searching. Any other notes At the put in, the Aranhura ?playhole? is used at higher flows for ?playboating? which is gymnastic type surfing and playing in kayaks on a wave. There are shorter sections on the Arahura downstream of this section: from the Red Shed down to the information sign/shelter is mostly grade 2 but suited to beginners? introductions to whitewater and downstream of the sign/shelter to the SH6 bridge is largely g1. The Arahura ?playhole? Students upstream from the gorge River Report Form Arahura Milltown Gorge 06-12-2010 117 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Arahura Milltown Gorge Australia Canada Norway SUI UK USA NZ AKL NZ BOP NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 431 Number of respondents for this section 94 Mean number trips per person 4.6 River Report Form Arahura (Newton Creek) 160110 and 140111 118 Notes River Report Form Arahura (Newton Creek) 160110 and 140111 119 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Arahura River (Newton Creek) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out A clearing at bottom of ?Third Gorge Creek? 200m upstream from Newton Creek swingbridge, approx: 42? 50.991?S 171? 22.202?E 668545 Styx Saddle put in is at approx 642494 and the river has been kayaked from around Harman Hut. A shorter, walk in trip goes to the Second Gorge at the base of Prices Ck to a waterfall called Cess Pit by kayakers at approx: 575537 A shorter and easier (g3) walk in trip goes to the downstream end of Second Gorge Usually, vehicles are left at approx: 42? 50.448?S 171? 14.316?E 561553 Sometimes vehicles are left by the Milltown Road bridge or driven down onto the river flats closer to the Cess Pool swingbridge Access description The Newton Creek section is usually heli access with Kokatahi Helicopters (Bruce Dando) as it was for this trip. The Styx Saddle and Harman sections are all heli access. I have walked in to the Newton Creek section and it takes about 3 ? - 4 hours on DoC track. The lower sections (Second Gorge) are walk in access on DoC track. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 16 Jan 2010 14 Jan 2011 Group members (on this trip) Pete Kyriakoudis (UK/NZ) Greg Nicks (UK/NZ) Alex Nicks (UK/US) Kevin England (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Dave Ritchie (NZ) Dave Mills (NZ) Mick Hopkinson (NZ) Matt Shearer (NZ) Polly Miller (NZ) Eddie Murphy (NZ) Matt McLeod (NZ) Kevin England (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of Classic grade 4 and 5 technical, steep, medium volume river running. Although pool-drop, rapids can be quite long and are close together in the gorges. There are many short drops which River Report Form Arahura (Newton Creek) 160110 and 140111 120 kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) require ?boofing? (raising the bow of the kayak to land in the eddy below) and frequent edge changes (raising the left to right edge of the kayak or vice versa) whilst carving high crosses add a dynamic sense to the rapids which may not be necessary but optimises the paddler?s use of energy from the hydraulic features available. It is very rare to get so many of these features so close together. From Newton Creek, the Third Gorge (map name) is as described above. There is then a gentler middle section of grade 2 and 3 boulder garden kayaking. This is followed by the Second Gorge (map name) or Cess Pit gorge (kayakers? name). This is a long grade 4 rapid requiring many linked moves and the ability to read whitewater and make decisions on the run. The Second Gorge opens out into grade 3 boulder garden chute and eddy kayaking to the take-out. This section contains lots of eddy lines suitable for S-turns and small boof drops. Flow on this day was the lower end of medium, very approx. 20 cumecs at the put-in and 30 cumecs at the Second Gorge. The Arahura can be kayaked much higher (to perhaps 60 cumecs at the Second Gorge) which makes it harder; and can be kayaked lower (to perhaps 20 cumecs at the Second Gorge Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) The Arahura has a unique colour, somewhere between blue and green and can be very brightly coloured particularly in lower flows. On this trip, it was very slightly silty but still had very good visibility; translucence close to transparency. Water is clean and drinkable. The river bed is mostly visible and shows boulders of varying colours. Notably, there are lots of green serpentine rocks, some white quartz and some red-brown rocks. There are a few bedrock ramp drops where grey schist bedrock can be seen. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) In the gorges, views are limited to the banksides which are typically grey schist gorge walls with bright green moss overhung by native bush. The gorges are not notably narrow or high. The river around Cess Pit (the upper part of the Second Gorge) has carved an incredible series of shapes into the bedrock, causing the river to wind around 2 distinct stack-like rock structures and eddy under a large smooth mossy overhanging bedrock wall with a small waterfall entering from the side. The Second Gorge itself has vertical walls with a remarkable fluted shape rising straight from the river. It has mixed strata lines and white-grey-black rock stripes, accentuated by green moss lines, giving a striking visual effect vertical lines dissected by curves, beneath green vegetation and above bright blue and white water. Between the Third (upstream) Gorge and Second Gorge, the valley is wider with views back to alpine mountains. There are grassy flats with swathes of Toe Toe on river beaches. River Report Form Arahura (Newton Creek) 160110 and 140111 121 Downstream of the Second Gorge the valley opens out but remains steep sided and V-shaped with high forested walls of unconsolidated sediments. Vegetation is all native. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) A short flight from rough-grazed farmland, following a walking track past 2 bridges and huts, the Newton Creek section of the Arahura does not have a major wilderness feel. In the valley sections, trail markers can be seen and the trail itself occasionally. In the gorges, however, there are no signs of human influence and the environment is pristine and wild. At ?Billiards? (near the end of the Third Gorge) there is some steel rope on the river?s edge. Overall, the Arahura Newton Creek trip has a moderate wilderness feel. The Styx Saddle section has a much higher degree of wilderness feel. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) 1 Whio seen on this trip, shortly downstream from Third Gorge. Description of overall character of river The Arahura is 14km of the most dynamically and aesthetically satisfying grade 4+ kayaking available in the world! It is hard for me to stay objective here as this is my favourite river in the world, with the Second Gorge being my favourite rapid, gorge and wild place full stop. Changes between 2009 and 2011 have reduced the quality of some rapids, but the Arahura still has an incredible ?X-factor? mysterious quality about it that is greater than the sum of its parts. As a trip, it starts with lots of whitewater until you?ve almost had enough, then has an easy section that is long enough to rest without getting too bored, then offers the excitement of Second Gorge/Cess Pit and finishes with a fun mid grade paddle out almost all the way to your vehicle. The Arahura is no longer regarded, as it was when first run in the 1980s, as a cutting-edge whitewater run. Instead, it is a river that experienced kayakers go to to enjoy a half day trip with rapid after rapid of smooth-flowing fun challenges, sparkling bright colours and a strong feeling of a pristine natural environment. The latter also appeals to first time visitors although most people still find the Arahura steep and technically challenging on their first descent and take a whole day. The changing nature of the sections gives options for different users. Typically, more experienced kayakers who enjoy their environment favour the Styx Saddle trip, with water; experienced whitewater-focussed kayakers enjoy the Newton Creek and Second Gorge sections, and intermediate kayakers enjoy the walk to the downstream end of Second Gorge or, if they can afford it, the usually flown-in section downstream of Third Gorge (portaging Second Gorge). River Report Form Arahura (Newton Creek) 160110 and 140111 122 Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Technical grade 4+; boofs; steep; fun; read and run; scenery; gorges Info for land managers Some kayakers choose to walk to the Newton Creek put-in using the DoC track. This track is critical for emergency egress but increasingly for access as helicopters increase in price: there are no other ?full? West Coast trips that can be so practically accessed on foot. On the 2011 trip, the track had been severely damaged by floods from tributaries. Helicopter access is very important here. Vehicular access to the trail along the valley makes the walk-in option possible. The huts are generally not used by kayakers. Info for rescue managers The post-2009 changes in the Arahura?s river bed have added sieves, increasing the likelihood of kayakers getting in trouble. However, most kayak groups self rescue. There are few anglers in the gorges and banks in the main valley are good. Trampers have a good trail and swingbridges. There are few seriously overhung sections so a helo search would most likely be effective: an experienced whitewater spotter should be used if possible as snag points are not obvious and there is a lot of whitewater. In low flows, the Arahura has remarkable clarity making for effective searching. The only hindrance is the amount of whitewater which obscures views and prevents searching. Expect a moderate POD. In high flows, water is discoloured and can be dangerous. I would recommend delaying a search is possible. The flow of the Arahura at SH6 bridge seems to be delayed about 6 hours from the flow above Milltown. From Styx Saddle to Newton Creek, allow 2-4 hours searching. From Newton Creek to Milltown Road end, allow 5-8 hours searching. River Report Form Arahura (Newton Creek) 160110 and 140111 123 Any other notes River Report Form Arahura (Newton Creek) 160110 and 140111 124 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Arahura Newton Creek Australia Canada SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ Nlnd NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 722 Number of respondents for this section 101 Mean number trips per person 7.1 River Report Form Arnold River 25-11-2010 125 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Arnold Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out There are 2 main put-ins. (A) from the car park by the power station (Arnold River walk) on river left: 42? 31.426?S 171? 24.495?E 693908 (B) at the end of a track left of the hydro outflow, river left: 42? 31.251?S 171? 24.331?E 691912 Occasionally put in is from the foot of the dam (usually commercial rafting trips as recreational users do not have access through locked gate) There are 2 main take-outs. (A) river left at McKenzie?s farm at the end of Maori Gully Creek: 42? 29.800S 171? 23.339?E 677937 (B) river right upstream of bridge by CMP Kokiri meatworks: 42? 28.903?S 171? 22.559?E 665954 Very rarely do people kayak further downstream. Access description 2wd vehicular access from Arnold Valley Road, signposted to Arnold Power Station at Kaimata. No issues. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 25 th November 2010 Group members (on this trip) Mixed Westland Canoe Club and Greymouth High School club trip, with 15 kayakers on the river. Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Classic bouldery grade 2 whitewater, pool drop in nature. Rapids tend to be wide (20-40m) with multiple lines and hydraulic features mainly formed by rounded boulders. Rapids are long enough that the entire rapid cannot be seen from upstream seated in a kayak. On this trip, flow was estimated at around 30 cumecs, which was very low. It is better with more flow and ideal between 40 and 60 cumecs. The Arnold?s flow is very reliable due to the cushioning effect of Lake Brunner. More detailed information is contained in submissions to the WCRC and TrustPower relating to a planned hydroelectric scheme (2008). Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Water was brown and translucent, peaty discoloured rather than turbid. Water was notably warm. This is typical of the Arnold at most flows. Testing has shown the Arnold?s water to be high in agricultural run-off although it is rarely evident on the river and I have drunk from the Arnold without ill effects. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. Largely lined with willow, the Arnold has mostly agricultural land use on both sides. There are sections of native bush on alternate River Report Form Arnold River 25-11-2010 126 gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) banks. The landscape is attractive to most, albeit in a rural rather than wild way. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Drive-up access and egress, farm land, power station and race, old bridges, rope swings and an adjacent train track diminish wilderness values to zero, although urban users would still appreciate the rural feel and patches of native bush. It is important to note that, for a beginner/improver trip, which is the main role of the Arnold in kayaking, wilderness is not really desirable and easy access/egress is. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None on this trip Description of overall character of river This is the classic beginner trip of the West Coast, well known by local and neighbouring regions. The Arnold?s combination of pool drop grade 2 rapids with many hydraulic features, reliable flows, warmer water and easy access , make this a well used river with an essential place in the West Coast?s river hierarchy. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Grade 2; pool drop; reliable flow; warm; beginner; improver Info for land managers Current access arrangements are great and don?t need changing. Maintenance (removal/trimming) of willows would be useful. Flow regime is important (see above). At the time of writing I believe consent has been granted for a hydro scheme which would reduce flows to about 16 cumecs, totally changing all of the above: an artificial whitewater course, the Arnold River Park, is proposed to replace the current role of the Arnold. Info for rescue managers It is unlikely that a WWSAR team would need to search the Arnold as it is relatively easy to navigate and has easy egress and cellphone reception. If a search was required for a body, the dark colour of the water and deep pools would be a disadvantage. However, there is little in the main flow to snag a body. The banks are frequently lined with willows creating strainers which would hold a body and these would likely be the focus of a search. Expect a kayak team to take 1-2 hours for a quick search and 2-4 hours for a detailed search. Downstream of the meatworks is a long windy section with lots of strainers both on the banks and in the river. It would be worth searching this section. Allow 2 hours to the road bridge. River Report Form Arnold River 25-11-2010 127 Any other notes River Report Form Arnold River 25-11-2010 128 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 3595 Number of respondents for this section 323 Mean number trips per person 30.0 River Report Form Buller Earthquake 15-11-2010 129 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Buller (?Earthquake?) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out 41? 48.675?S 172? 6.084?E 254707 Track down from SH6 to river where there is an obvious car park. Put in at river beach, river right. 41? 46.977?S 172? 1.905?E 196 738 River beach river right, about 200m downstream from Iron Bridge Access description 2wd vehicular access from SH6 to within 50m of river. No issues. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 15 November 2010 Group members (on this trip) Graham Charles (NZ) Mick Hopkinson (NZ) Peter Kettering (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Classic grade 3 bigger volume trip. Pool drop style ie flat sections punctuated by rapids, mostly g2 with some g3 and one g3+. Low technical requirements. Lines wide and multiple in each rapid. Hazards mostly hydraulic (?holes?, whirlpools, boils) but also rocks and occasionally trees/strainers. Volume on day very approximately 200 cumecs; flow varies qualities of trip for kayakers but range is huge, offering different qualities at differing flows: therefore almost 100% reliable. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Green translucent water on this trip: does vary with flow but usually green except highest flows (brown). Water quite clean ? no smell - but has passed settlements and farming areas. Wide water landscape in most of the river. River bed features varied but not prominent due to volume of river therefore depth. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) Mostly steep sided, V-shaped gorge like with native bushed sides and 2-6m of river-scoured rock immediately by river. Vegetation mostly beech forest with some gorse present close to river banks. Road and power line visible in a few places, high above river. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Despite drive-in and presence of cultural features and gorse/broom in places, there is a reasonable feeling of wilderness due to the dominance of natural features in one?s field of view. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) Chilean rhubarb seen and reported to DoC. Didymo NOT seen and reported to have been washed away. Description of overall character of river Classic grade 3 big volume kayaking with very reliable flows in a pretty gorge with great access. River Report Form Buller Earthquake 15-11-2010 130 An intermediate kayaker?s step up or advanced kayaker?s social run, this section has lots of waves to surf, eddy lines to play and a few lines to make. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Big volume; intermediate; grade 3; waves Info for land managers The status quo is ideal for kayakers at this time. Access and egress are particularly appreciated. Info for rescue managers This section has been searched after vehicle accidents and there has been one kayaking fatality (person pinned to a log). Due to the popularity of the run and adjacency to the road, it is likely that this section will be searched again. Translucent water, a wide river channel and deep water make it impossible to give a high POD. However, kayakers have proven that they are capable of finding sign washed into eddies etc. and have helped to extract a body from a car in a place that would be dangerous to land searchers to reach. A kayak team is ideal as far as the end of ?Gunslinger? (approx. 207707). A raft team may be useful if time permits. Teams would need to float to the Iron Bridge to take out anyway. Downstream from there, a jetboat team would cover ground more quickly. A team of 4 would be minimum for good coverage due to the river width. Allow 4 hours for a basic search and up to 8 hours if a detailed search is required. Any other notes ?Gunslinger? rapid River Report Form Buller Earthquake 15-11-2010 131 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Buller Earthquake Australia Canada Germany Italy Norway SUI UK USA NZ AKL NZ BOP NZ HB NZ M-W NZ Nlnd NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 3972 Number of respondents for this section 215 Mean number trips per person 18.5 River Report Form Cascade 160210 132 Notes River Report Form Cascade 160210 133 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Cascade (Gorge, from Durwards Falls) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Flats upstream of Durwards Falls, approx.: 317 873 44? 16.438?S 168? 23.105?E Fishermen?s track river right at ?The Bend? approx: 428 048 44? 7.288?S 168? 32.66?E Access description Helo, at time of trip with Alpine Adventures (James Scott) but likely in future to be Haast based helo company. Helo pick-up from Martyr River left bank by locked gate on Cascade road at approx 424 072 (44? 6.126?S 168? 31.87?E). This is as far south as it is possible to drive on the West Coast, about 1.5-2 hours south of Haast. Helo drop off is in Wilderness Area therefore a special permit for research was obtained from doC for this trip. Usually, helo landings in this area are banned by law and enforced by DoC. The Wilderness Area boundary is downstream of Cascade Gorge. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 16 February 2010 Group members (on this trip) Gareth Fryer (NZ) Mary Harrop (USA) Olaf Koehler (USA) Jason Shepherd aka JJ (USA) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) There is a short section of flat water kayaking from the river flats to the top of Durwards Falls. These falls are too dangerous to kayak, currently, so are portaged. Our group chose to portage to the true right and took an hour through bush. However, there are reports of a group portaging true left in less time and accessing about 300m more of the whitewater in the gorge below the Falls. From the put in below Durwards Falls, the Cascade Gorge is mostly technical grade 4 and 5 with serious consequences for mistakes coming from fairly common sieves. Rapids were typically short and channelised with several moves to make before the next eddy. For our trip, the flow was low (20m#/s?) which would have added to the sieves, but we all agreed that it was likely the grade would be at least g4 at any flow and unsuitable at a very high flow. All rapids could be inspected from the bank and portaged at river level if required. The gorge section is about 2.5km long with no flat sections and a fairly steady gradient providing a classic puzzle of sequential g4 and 5 rapids. River Report Form Cascade 160210 134 Downstream of the Cascade Gorge, the Cascade River eases in difficulty considerably and is mostly g1-2 with one or two g3 rapids. It picks up more volume from tributaries. The rapids vary markedly, from shingle rapids in braids to channelized gorges and boulder rapids. This style of kayaking ? easy but varied ? continues for about 22km to the take-out at ?The Bend?. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) The Cascade has one of the most interesting and varied water landscapes I've ever seen: the water clarity is exceptional, with a sapphire-emerald blue-green tint; through the water can be seen the amazing geological diversity of the river bed, both bedrock and boulders of constantly changing colours. Durwards Falls are stunning from upstream and I would have loved to have seen them from their base, but we were unsure of our timing so did not take the risk of travelling upstream to view them. In the Cascade Gorge, the whitewater passes through large boulders and bedrock with some unusual tilted slabs and vertical gorge sides in places. All the time the water is totally clear and, with bright sun, makes for a dazzling water landscape. Downstream of the Gorge, the water landscape varies notably and frequently, from braids to small gorges and meanders. The water moves quickly with a constant gentle gradient. It was amazing to watch the river bed through the clear water, as I've never seen such diverse colours of river bed boulders. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) Upstream of Durwards Falls is a stunning, wild and lush river flats area surrounded by a beautiful valley with pristine bush and high mountains including the Red Hills. It is an easy float for kayakers so the scenery can be appreciated. In the Cascade Gorge, bush overhangs the river in places and sides are always steep, yet rarely vertical and the gorge is never a tight, narrow bedrock gorge. The river sides are typically made up of large boulders of strikingly varied geology and look to be quite mobile (some boulders appeared to be perched quite precariously). In the Gorge, wider views are impossible and the focus is very much on the immediate river environs, which is useful as the whitewater is technically very challenging. Downstream of the Gorge, the valley widens to an impressive pristine expanse of tussock and Toe Toe flats with bush and scree slopes up to high mountain surrounds. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Having driven 1.5-2 hours south from Haast on gravel roads, then taken a long helo flight, there is a striking sense of wilderness. There are no huts, no trails and no other signs of human influence in the upper reaches. We saw no permanent signs of human influence in the lower reaches either but we did see 4 people (2 individually and one couple, all fishing). Notable flora and fauna Upstream of Durwards Falls we saw a lot of deer sign on the flats. River Report Form Cascade 160210 135 (eg blue duck) Downstream of the Gorge we saw a lot of trout. Description of overall character of river This was my surprise jewel find. The Cascade River is one of the most stunningly beautiful wilderness trips I've ever done. Landing above the Gorge in such a stunning valley, and portaging Durwards Falls gives a striking feeling of being in a special place. The Cascade Gorge, with its unusual geology and great whitewater puzzle challenge, without intimidating bluffs or unscoutable rapids, makes for classic wilderness grade 4+. Even downstream of the Gorge, the Cascade flows purposefully with remarkable clarity through constantly changing riverbed and valley scenery. The Cascade would make a classic easy 2 day trip in summer, if Wilderness Zoning permitted which it does not. I would suggest landing camping gear at the downstream end of the Cascade Gorge, flying in to the flats upstream of Durwards Falls and enjoying the paddle to the campground, then a slow float out the following day with fishing gear. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Pristine wilderness; geology; Wilderness Area; water clarity Info for land managers Although I respect the aims of Wilderness Areas, it seems a great shame that the line drawn for the Cascade River prevents access by helicopter, the only way for kayakers to access a river, to the Cascade Gorge. In so doing, one of the West Coast?s potentially classic/iconic wilderness kayaking experiences is made impossible or illegal. It is very unlikely that, even if the trip was legal, the Cascade would see a high number of visitors as the cost of access will always be high. It is also unlikely that these users would be unappreciative, exploitative or otherwise disrespectful of the environment. I have avoided making comments to decision makers as far as possible in this project, but the Cascade River stands out to me as one of two classic river trips prevented by planning that did not consider river users at the time and should therefore be revisited. Info for rescue managers Anyone lost on the Cascade valley is lost likely to head towards the river as it would be otherwise so hard to navigate. A kayak team could search from around Malcolm Creek, about 6km upstream of Durwards Falls. In this upper upper reach, there are many rock sieves that could entrap a person in the water. They would be difficult and time-consuming to search effectively, and would definitely require a team with extensive whitewater and wilderness experience. Allow 4-6 hours. The river flats upstream of Durwards Falls are easily walkable and easily boat scoutable: a kayak team could search the river here quickly and effectively as there are a few obvious logs for a body to snag on. Allow 2 hours. Allow 1 hour for the portage of Duwards Falls ? it is very unlikely that any helo could assist here. The Cascade Gorge could only thoroughly be searched by a good River Report Form Cascade 160210 136 kayak tem, although I think that a helo could fly low in there as it soes not have narrow sides. There are enough rock sieves that any search could only have a low POD. Treat this as grade 5 (ie most rapids should be portaged). Allow 3-5 hours for the 2.5km to the Gorge mouth. Downstream of the Gorge would be classic search territory for a whitewater team: there are fast flowing sections where little would snag but several trees and one major log jam that would most likely entrap anything (my GPS wasn?t working on the day but we think it was around MacKay or Woodhen Creek and would be visible from the air). Jet boats could be used downstream of this log jam but would not be able to get around the jam. With such outstanding water clarity, aerial searching could be very effective but I would recommend an experienced whitewater spotter. Expect a high POD. For 25km to ?The Bend?, allow 7-10 hours (5h minimum). River Report Form Cascade 160210 137 Any other notes Flats upstream of Durwards Falls Due to confusion over landing, we put in much higher than Durwards Falls at around 1.5km upstream of Malcolm Creek. This section was mostly portaged to the river flats as it was steep rock sieve rapids. Photos: Rapids in Gorge Log jam in lower section Take-out at ?The Bend? River Report Form Cascade 160210 138 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Cascade River Cascade Gorge 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Cascade River Cascade Gorge USA NZ AKL NZ Canty NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 6 Number of respondents for this section 5 Mean number trips per person 1.2 River Report Form Crooked River 190210 139 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Crooked River (walk-in upper gorges and lower to road bridge) Locations (Topo 50 GR plus latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Upper: 873 752 42? 40.0555?S 171? 37.432?E Lower: 874 770 42? 39.046?S 171? 37.564?E Upper: 874 770 42? 39.046?S 171? 37.564?E Lower: 848 793 42? 37.798?S 171? 35.762?E Access description Vehicle access through farmland belonging to Burgess brothers of Rotomanu who controversially (road is technically Grey District Council but they don?t maintain it) lock the gate after the Fish and Game access point (approx. 867 773). The brothers take a caretaker attitude and generally don?t prevent access but want to know who is on their land and like to know that people come out safely. For Upper Crooked, kayakers walk from road end by old bridge carrying their kayaks following the track upstream through bush to the upstream end of the gorge, signalled by a creek which kayakers follow downstream to where it joins the Crooked river. Although it is only about 2km, it takes 1h for fit kayakers who know the route and lots longer for less fit people or those who get lost en route as happens frequently (although in 2010 the track had been improved so getting lost is less likely). For the Lower Crooked, kayakers drive to the same broken bridge as they start walking from for the Upper, then put in and kayak downstream. It is possible to put in at the Fish and Game access point and therefore avoid the locked gate with a loss of only 1 rapid. Take out is under the road bridge on the Bell Hill Road. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 19 th February 2010 Group members (on this trip) Kevin England (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Upper: high quality steep and technical g4 and 5 whitewater with some serious consequences with sieves and strainers to watch for. Rapids at most flows are separated comfortably with short pools ? at very high flows these pools seem very short. On this trip the flow was medium low (15-20m3/s?) which made some rapids too rocky to run safely. The Crooked requires some additional flow from rain and loses flow quickly (6 hours to 2 days depending on rain history). Medium to high flows are more fun and exciting without being more dangerous as sieves mostly get filled in and kayaking lines become cleaner ie less rock or wood to River Report Form Crooked River 190210 140 knock kayakers off line; very high flows when the river is brown are scary with little time between rapids in the gorge, little opportunity to scout or portage and large hydraulics meaning lots of places where kayaks are sucked underwater. Lower: high quality intermediate g3 kayaking with varied rapid styles covering shingle, boulder and bedrock. Pool drop with longer pools. Better with extra flow from rain although too much rain makes this trip too challenging for less experienced kayakers due to larger hydraulics. At a low flow, this section becomes quite rocky although it is quite possible to navigate, albeit with a lower quality experience. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this trip, the Crooked was green and translucent but not completely clear. In spring and summer flows the Crooked can become notably clear and still bright green, with visibility to several metres and the river bed visible in all but the biggest rapids. The Crooked has a highly attractive water landscape, with interesting hydraulic features where water flows over and around bedrock. In the gorges it is often possible to see large boulders on the river bed. On sunny days (this trip was overcast) the light shines through overhanging green bush into the green water to make a beautiful river scene which looks more like the scenes accessible with remote helo access. This is also the case, though to a lesser extent, in the Lower Crooked, making this one of the most attractive kayak runs for water quality in the intermediate bracket on the West Coast, in my opinion. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) In the Upper Crooked, the valley sides are steep from top to bottom and bush overhangs the gorge walls beside the river. Views are therefore not expansive but the interplay of light between bush, rock and water is remarkable. At the start of the Lower section, the valley widens into grazing and is less attractive. However, the Crooked River Reserve of the lower section is beautiful unspoilt bush and contains a very scenic gorge with walls that nearly join above you. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) The Upper has a moderate to high wilderness feel due to the strenuous and at times complex walk in, combined with the absolute absence of sign of people from the river. It is, however, a relatively short section and so wilderness feel is reduced. It ends when a pristine shallow gorge opens out to an old bridge in farmland which ends all feeling of wilderness. The Lower starts at this same place so has a much lower sense of wilderness. However, the pristine gorge in the Crooked River Reserve gives a feeling of wilderness that is very suited to its mainly intermediate-skilled user group. Notable flora and fauna None this trip. River Report Form Crooked River 190210 141 (eg blue duck) Description of overall character of river Both sections of the Crooked are known for their natural beauty and apt technical challenge. The Upper Crooked is the walk-in heli trip of the West Coast, with a high degree of physical and skills challenge and a strong wilderness feel. On a hot summer?s day with a good flow it is almost as good as the best of the West Coast heli trips. Its dangers have been more respected in recent years since the drowning of a technically very competent kayaker in 2004. The Lower Crooked is a great river to introduce intermediate kayakers to g3 river trips, with suitable challenging rapids and scenery. Both section are popular with local and Christchurch kayakers and overseas visitors in summer. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Upper: walk-in; short; intense; green; twisting Lower: drive-in; intermediate; scenic Info for land managers Although key access is not a major hassle, it is a challenge to accessing the Crooked River and can delay groups. Maintenance of the trail to the Upper section probably has the biggest impact on users of the river, in terms of less experienced people getting lost and tired before getting on the river, therefore exposing themselves to greater risk. The levels of use, though higher than on many rivers, appear to make little impact on the land. Info for rescue managers Loss of life for a kayaker has happened on this river, in a rapid called ?Bent and Twisted? in 2004 (see Operation Crooked). It is not unlikely to happen again, as the Crooked attracts visiting kayakers who have time to take a day off heli trips yet still want top quality kayaking. The dangers of the Crooked ? bush travel followed by sieves and strainers in a g5 gorge ? are not well known by most overseas kayakers. Almost all of the Crooked can be aerially searched although the tightness of the gorge better suited a Hughes 500 than a Squirrel in 2004. I would recommend an experienced whitewater spotter accompany any aerial search. Kayak teams can search effectively from much further upstream than the put-in noted here. The Upper Crooked, anywhere, should be treated as a g5 section with portaging expected. Allow 1-3 hours for the ?normal? kayaking Upper Crooked trip and 1-2 hours for the Lower Crooked section. In both cases, expect a reasonably high POD assuming good water clarity. River Report Form Crooked River 190210 142 Any other notes Kayakers have used helo access to kayak the ?upper upper? Crooked from around Jacko Flat hut. Photos: Upper put in Upper Crooked gorge Lower Crooked gorge River Report Form Crooked River 190210 143 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Crooked River Upper walk/fly 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Crooked River upper Australia Germany SUI UK USA NZ AKL NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Nlnd NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Upper Crooked Total number trips recorded 239 Number of respondents for this section 74 Mean number trips per person 3.2 Numbers Lower Crooked Total number trips recorded 671 Number of respondents for this section 105 Mean number trips per 64 River Report Form Crooked River 190210 144 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Crooked River ruined br. to road br. 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Crooked River lower Canada Italy Norway SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ HB NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Lower Crooked Total number trips recorded 671 Number of respondents for this section 105 Mean number trips per person 6.4 River Report Form Grey River (Upper Grey / Gentle Annie) 08-12-2010 145 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Grey (Upper Grey/Gentle Annie) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out I did this as a single day trip and will report on it as such, but it is done as a two day trip. We put in by walking down a cut in bush to a small creek just upstream of McVicars Creek bridge and before a locked gate: 42? 21.390?S 171? 56.572?E 129102. The two-day starts from Palmer Road accessed from Springs Junction, at approx. 42? 27.56?S 172? 1.50?E 198987 Most people take out river left on Waipuna Road (or even at the road bridge on SH7), approx. 42? 21.758?S 171? 49.418?E 032093 On a previous trip, I took out at the bottom of Staircase Creek to avoid the flat water paddle out. This track in now in disrepair so this take-out is not used. On this trip, I took out river right at paddocks at the end of the track by Brown Creek, approx. 42? 21.474?S 51.317?E 057098 Access description Assuming put in at McVicars and take out on Waipuna Road: 2wd vehicular access from SH7 up Snowy Road to put in; shuttle vehicle up Waipuna Road. This is a long shuttle along dusty, windy roads. The two day trip has a huge shuttle, with travel through Reefton and over Rahu Saddle. The trip we did involved 7km of 4wd access to the take-out. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 8 th December 2010 Group members (on this trip) Ryan O?Connor(Greymouth High School student, NZ) Kale Woodward ( ? ? ? ?) Amy Devlin (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Classic bouldery grade 2 and 3 whitewater, pool drop in nature. Rapids tend to be wide (10-25m) with multiple lines and hydraulic features mainly formed by broken boulders and occasionally trees. Rapids are long enough that the entire rapid cannot always be seen from upstream seated in a kayak. On this trip, flow was estimated at around 20 cumecs, which was very low but quite satisfactory (following an extremely dry spring). From experience, the trip is faster and slightly harder with more flow and can be run up to flood flows when large River Report Form Grey River (Upper Grey / Gentle Annie) 08-12-2010 146 hydraulic features can be expected. This gives the Upper Grey a very broad range and high reliability. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Water was green-turquoise and clear, with great visibility to depths of several metres. Clean, odourless and drinkable. Pool drop nature means there are many flatter sections with views into the water. River bed has varied rock, mostly boulders and occasional bedrock, with lots of granite and some quartz boulders. The combination provided some of the most beautiful water landscapes I've seen: rock and sand river bed refracted though crystal clear water with a green tint. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The upper Grey valley is a dramatic V-shaped valley surrounded by craggy-topped mountains that are taller than the beech bushline. The river is wide enough in most places that views are panoramic and very impressive. Gentle Annie Gorge is never very narrow but has impressive steep walls with a mixture of bedrock and unconsolidated rocks, as does the flat water gorge downstream. The trip is mostly surrounded by beech forest on both banks, with toe toe close to the water?s edge and some grassy flats which are grazed. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) For a drive-in river with some farmland present, the Upper Grey has a notably high wilderness feel. There are occasional 4wd tracks and bush huts, but the overall impression is one of pristine back country. The relatively short one-day trip reduces the wilderness feel to moderate for someone used to wilderness, but it would be very high for newcomers to wilderness. We encountered 2 anglers on the river and 3 at the take-out. This trip is popular for fishing and rafting. I have not done the two-day trip but imagine it would have a higher wilderness feel. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) Fish and eels visible. Deer sign. Canada geese. Description of overall character of river A high quality scenic moderate run with length options makes this a classic ?advanced beginner? trip, a step up from the Arnold for local paddlers; ideal for those who appreciate river scenery or wish to camp out. Long drive for access. Although I haven?t done this as an overnight trip, there are few other possibilities for moderate whitewater overnight trips in the central West Coast area, making this trip very important for that niche. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Grade 3; pool drop; reliable flow; improver; scenic; camping; overnight Info for land managers Put-in at McVicars is fine. It would be great for river users if the track at Staircase Creek was fixed for a take-out. All other arrangements fine as they stand: it is important that River Report Form Grey River (Upper Grey / Gentle Annie) 08-12-2010 147 camping possibilities continue to exist as this trip is an ideal overnight and they are rare in central West Coast. Info for rescue managers It is quite likely that a hunter or angler will fall in to this river section: it is not unlikely that a kayaker or rafter will get stuck on a log as they are common and change frequently. At low flows with clear water, this stretch could be searched effectively by a whitewater team. A helo search would also quite likely be effective as there are few overhanging features and snag points are obvious to whitewater-experienced spotters. Underwater visibility is very good. At higher flows or after rain, these conditions are poorer as the river becomes silty. Most of the river flows quickly with few points to snag a body. However, there are obvious large eddies and some logs midcurrent. A whitewater team would require 4-6 hours to search the shortened section (McVicars to Brown Creek track/Waipuna Road). Possibly longer if a detailed search is required as the river is wide in places and would require a team to cover a lot of water. At low-medium clear flows expect a high POD, reducing significantly with raised water levels or siltiness. Above: McVicars put in Left: typical river scenery Below: typical rapid River Report Form Grey River (Upper Grey / Gentle Annie) 08-12-2010 148 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Grey River Upper Grey 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Grey River Upper Grey Australia Canada USA NZ AKL NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Nlnd NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 363 Number of respondents for this section 85 Mean number trips per person 4.3 River Report Form Hokitika from Serpentine 040210 149 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Hokitika from Serpentine (?Upper Hoki?) inc. ?Lower Hoki? Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out 436358 43?01?26.94?S 171?05?11.75?E Bank on river left just upstream of Serpentine hut Put-in for ?Lower Hoki? is approx. 406365 366386 42?59?09.79?S 170?59?48.30?E This is the heli take-off and landing as opposed to where we take out from river. It is by the cableway Access description Helicopter (Kokatahi helicopters) from end of 4wd road, location above. Actual landing by river varies as the river frequently floods and washes sites away. No-one walks in to this section. Land status of banks Date kayaked (for this report) 04-02-2010 Group members (on this trip) Colin Biggin (Scotland) Andy England (NZ) Mary Harrop (US) James McLafferty (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Grade 5 trip; mostly g4 and 5 rapids to Kakariki Canyon, then g3-4 to confluence then g2 to take-out. Rapids usually steep (for NZ) and pool-drop ie often one critical move to be made with serious consequences for not making it. Steep narrow gorges increase seriousness of trip. Relatively low volume kayaking for West Coast NZ, especially at lower flows. Quite reliable in summer; main reasons not to kayak this section are flows to high (for ability or too high for safety) or too cold due to deep gorges. Flow on this trip low, meaning river easier to navigate and rapids harder to portage although sieves common. Easier at lower flows, harder at higher flows as rapids become faster and more powerful and sometimes run into each other. Gorges cause high flows to concentrate and some portages are not possible. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this trip (low flow) water very clear and blue-green with high visibility underwater. Clean. Intense colour combination of blue-green with white of rapids and silver-grey of rocks around. Rapids usually bouldery with single choice chute and steep drops; river bed visible part of scenery. Rapids change annually or more often with floods. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) Vertical sided narrow gorges characterise this run, with the famous ?Gates of Argonath? towards the end of the ?upper? run. Waterfalls from tributaries common. Between gorges, valley remains steep with large slips through native vegetation. Some views to mountain tops. River Report Form Hokitika from Serpentine 040210 150 Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Other than Serpentine Hut, there is no sign of humans until near the confluence with Whitcombe. Add to this the amazing and intimidating gorges, steep and loose valley sides with no trail, and you get a strong sense of wilderness. Several kayakers have walked out, usually taking 12 hours or more despite short distance. Short distance and short flight do reduce feel of remoteness. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None noted on this trip. Description of overall character of river Steep and stunning gorges separated by classic steep low volume pool drop whitewater with lots of action and no let-up from start to the confluence with Whitcombe. Incredible river scenery and wilderness feel close to town. One of the West Coast?s top classic g5 trips, this is a ?must-do? trip for capable visitors and locals alike. All but the very top class kayakers put it towards the end of their trip or summer to build up to this trip due to its seriousness. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Gorges; steep; pool-drop; technical; Gates of Argonath; grade 5 Info for land managers Helicopter access essential. Access to heli site at end of 4wd road (through locked gate) is useful as it is a long flight in from Hoki Gorge and a long flat paddle out. This is a well used section with most able visitors kayaking it at least once. Serpentine Hut necessary for ?Upper upper? and Mungo trips. Nothing else really needed for kayakers. Info for rescue managers This is a rescue nightmare, where land teams will struggle due to bluffs and steepness of sides. Quite likely that a kayaker will get lost on way out at some point, as people try to follow valley if they lose their kayak in an accident as does happen. River accidents likely too, with sieves and lots of hard whitewater. Drowning potential high. Lots of places for bodies to stick ? don?t expect bodies to travel far except at very high flows. Flow knowledge critical. Body or injured person extraction impossible by kayak or land teams: helo required. Large parts of section unable to be scouted from air due to steep sides and narrow gorges. Helo landing possible in Hughes 300/500 between gorges. Good teams should be capable of searching this section safely at low flows but accept increased risk whenever above base flow. Not suitable with impending heavy rainfall. Any team would require 10 hours minimum for detailed search but an experienced team could check this section for a conscious target in about 5 hours river time. River Report Form Hokitika from Serpentine 040210 151 left: typical gorge entry right: Gates of Argonath River Report Form Hokitika from Serpentine 040210 152 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Hokitika River Serpentine 'Upper' 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Hokitika River Serpentine Australia Canada Germany Italy SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 185 Number of respondents for this section 59 Mean number trips per person 3.1 River Report Form Hokitika from Serpentine 040210 153 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Hokitika River Kakariki 'Lower' 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Hokitika River Kakariki Australia Canada Germany Italy SUI UK USA NZ AKL NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 504 Number of respondents for this section 120 Mean number trips per person 4.2 River Report Form Kakapotahi Lower 060910 154 Notes River Report Form Kakapotahi Lower 060910 155 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Kakapotahi Lower Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out At take out for Kakapotahi Upper approx: 177 357 43? 1.639?S 170? 45.674?E At paddocks on river left with walk to gravel road parking approx: 147 380 42? 59.273?S 170? 43.516?E Access description Gravel road drive. Access from south (west) of Kakapotahi road bridge on SH6. Take out parking on road side where farm track heads left down terrace at approx 143 380. Drive 6.5km further south east to clearing at approx 176 356. Put in requires knowledge to find due to being hidden in gorse at side of clearing. Climb down steep bank in small creek. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 6 th September 2010 Group members (on this trip) Trent Garnham (NZ) Jared Mitchell (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Approx. 7.5km of good quality g3 and 4 whitewater. Hardest rapid (g4+ depending on flow) is in first 1km in a gorge (often portaged right). Double ledge drop with powerful hydraulic. Following that, there are several easier gorges with biggest rapids often formed by slips (therefore variable features). Usually ?read and run? (boat scout) rapids with hydraulics as main obstacle. Many wave features. Best kayaked after rain and can be run quite high, but becomes very powerful after heavy rain and rises very quickly. Usually considered to be best when the Upper Kakapotahi is too high. On this trip, a ?good? flow (deep water lines and no hull scraping) was at about 50-60m3/s, estimated. Due to being suitable at such a wide variety of flows, the Lower Kakapotahi is a very reliable trip. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Due to need for rain-fed flows, the Lower Kakapotahi is rarely clear and usually silty brown, often turbid. On this trip is was grey-brown with limited underwater visibility. There are times, usually in spring, when the water will run completely clear and green with great visibility, but these times are rare in the Lower Kakapotahi. Cleanliness is hard to estimate but I sip from the river with no problems. The river bed is primarily boulders from slips, some of which are sharp from being fresh, with short sections of bedrock (which are usually the deepest sections due to being in bedrock gorges). The limited visibility through water means the river bed can?t be described fully. After the last gorge, the river bed is primarily River Report Form Kakapotahi Lower 060910 156 rounded granite boulders. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Lower Kakapotahi passes through impressive native podocarp forest with no exotic plants visible from river level until after the last gorge (farmland). There are several bedrock gorges which have low vertical sides (roughly 10m). In some places, waterfalls cascade in impressively from the gorge sides. In the more open sections, there are slips visible from the river and the river often becomes wider at these points with more varied rapids. After the last gorge, the Lower Kakapotahi opens out into farmland on river left. River right still has native forest and there is a vertical cliff side of unconsolidated glacial deposits covered in ferns with waterfalls: the main river used to flow directly under these cliffs providing a spectacular take-out but major floods in 2004 diverted the flow to the left and deposited a bank of shingle in front of these cliffs. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Due to the drive in and farmland take-out, the Lower Kakapotahi does not have a particularly high wilderness feel. However, the lack of sign of human influence in the main part of the trip as well as significant difficulty for a walk-out option, make for a reasonable degree of wilderness feel. If this river was not on the West Coast, it would be judges to have a high wilderness feel. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None seen on this trip. Description of overall character of river The Lower Kakapotahi is a classic intermediate g3-4 river trip enjoyed by many kayakers from and visiting the West Coast, year round. It is almost a compulsory ?warm-up? run for early season and tourists. It is equally an important high flow or ?play? run for more experienced kayakers. The trip has all the characteristics of a quality river trip: diverse rapids with a range of hazards and challenges; waves for play as well; weather-dependent flow changes; good scenery and a pleasant half day length. Its broad range of suitable flows makes it suitable for some kayakers most of the time. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Intermediate; gorges; rain-fed; slips; hydraulics; play; classic Info for land managers Road access through forestry works very well for kayakers at present. This river has a very high usage and improved access could be considered: current access from the road is by scrambling down a small creek on a steep bank though gorse. Egress is through farmland and has seen no problem with farmers yet, although could be possible downstream at SH6 bridge if necessary. Info for rescue managers The Lower Kakapotahi has lots of potential for kayakers to get lost, most likely through attempts to walk out following an incident through bush. It is hard to imagine many other people using the river banks. Any search would be easiest to conduct by kayak as river banks River Report Form Kakapotahi Lower 060910 157 are very slow to travel along and frequently bluffed out. There are entrapment possibilities for swimmers although the many kayakers who have swum in here is evidence that people generally get to safety. Search underwater limited by usual lack of visibility. Many rapids are wide giving a very high number of search foci, with narrower sections being too powerful to search underwater. Although I describe this river as being suitable for intermediate kayakers, a search team should be g.5 capable. Allow 2 hours for a quick search, 8 hours for a detailed search. In summary, a search for a live person is likely to be successful in offering a high POD. A search for a dead person is likely to have a low POD. Any other notes The crux Slips Gorges The take-out from road River Report Form Kakapotahi Lower 060910 158 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Kakapotahi Lower 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Kakapotahi River lower Australia Canada Germany Italy Norway SUI UK USA NZ AKL NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 1556 Number of respondents for this section 175 Mean number trips per person 8.9 River Report Form Kakapotahi upper 020310 159 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Kakapotahi (upper) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out On shingle bank at end of river flats approx: 183 329 43? 2.080?S 170? 46.152?E After gorge where river bends to right and where river closest to road approx: 177 357 43? 1.639?S 170? 45.674?E Access description Road access along gravel road from south (west) of Kakapotahi road bridge on SH6. Park next to old (removed) bridge at approx. 182 330 and walk about 100m upstream through farm paddock to Kakapotahi river. Take out requires knowledge but is at put-in for Lower Kakapotahi section, close to road. Climb up steep bank to parking at approx. 176 356. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 2 nd March 2010 Group members (on this trip) Norwood Scott in canoe (USA) Scott Kazmar (USA) Olaf Koehler (USA) Andy England (NZ) There were also 4 NZ kayakers in a separate group. Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) This is usually quite low volume (under 20m3/s) short and steep kayaking on granite bedrock in a low but vertical-walled gorge. The Kakapotahi is kayaked at higher flows and at these time it is, in places, harder than described here. On this trip the flow was medium low, so everything was possible but boats did hit rock in some rapids. Water was translucent brown. The Upper Kakapotahi would have to be given a g.5 but in truth it is an easier g.5 than most and would usually be considered a g4 with one g5 or portage depending on movement of the river bed. It has a series of 7 main rapids separated mostly by pools. At high flows, these rapids appear much closer together. The rapids are unusual for the West Coast, in that 3 of them are waterfall/rock slides. They typically have only one main move to make for a kayaker. The Upper Kakapotahi requires an increased flow to be able to run most of its rapids, but not too much rain. It flows reliably in spring and usually in summer except for dry spells, as well as any other time of year after some rain. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river On this trip, the Kakapotahi was brown and translucent, with some underwater visibility. I have kayaked this section with good spring flows when the water has been completely transparent River Report Form Kakapotahi upper 020310 160 bed features) allowing full underwater visibility, and at times when it has been opaque silty brown. When the river is clear, the bedrock and large granite boulders are impressive from the river, particularly because they are different from most West Coast kayak trips. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Upper Kakapotahi enters a small gorge within 100m of the put-in and more or less stays in this gorge for all of its approx. 1.5km length. The gorge is granite and overhung by native bush, creating spectacular light patterns and beautiful close-up scenery on sunny days. Wider views are not possible from the river. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) The Upper Kakapotahi does not have a high wilderness feel due to the drive in nature, farmland and old bridge at the put-in and shortness of the run. It is also a very busy river so it is common to meet other kayakers, further reducing the wilderness feel. However, the gorge is almost inescapable and the drops are hard to scout. There is little or no sign of humans in the gorge itself and the gorge and bush is pristine. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None noted on this trip. Description of overall character of river This is one of the West Coast?s most accessible g4-5 kayak trips and is great fun at the right flow, plus accepts a variety of flows. This makes it one of the most popular kayak trips on the West Coast, with locals and tourist kayakers alike. It is a short, intense trip with plenty of technical challenge and a very pretty gorge. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Granite; waterfalls; short; road access; fun Info for land managers Road access is essential to kayakers for the Kakapotahi. Little else is required. Info for rescue managers With farmland upstream, it is unlikely that anyone other than kayakers would get into the Kakapotahi. A kayak team should rescue itself. If a team is missing following heavy rain, it is possible they have just waited for lower flows within the gorge as has happened several times. Assuming the gorge needs to be searched, recent prior knowledge within the team is essential due to dangers of wood and river bed movements. Lower flows, down to very low, are manageable by kayak teams (extreme low flows have to be treated like canyoning). There are several likely places for bodies to snag in the Upper Kakapotahi. Clear water would give a very high POD due to the small nature of the river bed. Allow 1-2 hours for a team for the Upper Kakapotahi. River Report Form Kakapotahi upper 020310 161 River Report Form Kakapotahi upper 020310 162 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Kakapotahi Upper 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Kakapotahi River upper Australia Canada Germany Italy SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 769 Number of respondents for this section 101 Mean number trips per person 7.6 River Report Form Karamea from Venus 12 and 13 -12-2010 163 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Karamea (from Venus Hut) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out There are many put in options. I went to Venus Hut, approx: 41? 18.972?S 172? 26.358?E 531259 On river left near road end approx: 41? 14.859?S 172? 12.608?E 337335 Access description Helo from Karamea aerodrome with Helicharter Karamea (Wayne Pratt). Requires vehicle shuttle to take-out. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 12 and 13 December 2010 Group members (on this trip) Helen Brosnan (NZ) Greg Nicks (UK/NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) This was a very low flow, below 1.0 on the gauge, which changed the nature of the kayaking. The Karamea is a very long trip (48km) so changes in character along its length. From Venus Hut to Crow Hut the river is fairly continuous grade 3+ kayaking through chutes and small boulders. After Crow Hut the river widens and there are more flat water sections with occasional grade 4 rapids between, as far as Roaring Lion Hut. From here, there is a flat section of earthquake lakes followed by a long and technical g4+ rapid, Roaring Lion. On this trip, this rapid was too low and water was flowing under rocks causing sieves, so the rapid was portaged on river left (and is commonly). After Roaring Lion rapids, the Karamea continues as pool-drop g4 kayaking with an incredible number of rapids, right to the end of the gorge which is very close to the takeout. The Karamea ideally needs some additional water from rain, but has a large range giving it a reliable flow. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this trip, the water was remarkably clear with a brown tint and great visibility. The river bed is mostly granite and limestone, with rounded boulders or fine gravels visible on the bed. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The valley is amazingly continuous pristine native forest along its length. Views vary from steep V-shaped valleys to expansive valleys with cliffy limestone mountain tops. There are a few shallow granite gorges with scoured walls. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, The flight in is a long flight through spectacular terrain and once away from huts and trails there is a strong sense of wilderness. To me, the fairly frequent crossing of tracks and presence of huts reduced the feeling of wilderness to an extent, although it was River Report Form Karamea from Venus 12 and 13 -12-2010 164 remoteness) still clear that it was a long way out though largely untouched country. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) A colony of shags near Crow Hut. Lots of trout were visible from kayak: 14 sighted in one pool. Description of overall character of river The Karamea is the classic 1-3 night river journey with even longer options available, through a stunningly pristine natural environment. It is mostly pool drop grade 4 boulder garden kayaking. The Karamea is listed in most international adventure tourism books as a ?must do? rafting or kayaking trip and deserves its place, although to me the most amazing feature of the river is its journeying quality rather than spectacular whitewater or scenery such as is found on other West Coast rivers. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Overnight; camping; journey; grade 4; pool drop; scenery Info for land managers Helicopter access is critical to the Karamea and numbers of kayak/raft users are unlikely to ever clash with other users of this area. The anglers we met were happy to see us. It is essential that heli access is preserved to enable use of this area. No other land management action is critical, as kayakers/rafters could camp although huts are useful for lighter weight travel. Info for rescue managers The Karamea is likely to need to be searched as so many anglers and trampers use the area. A helo search would be effective as there are very few gorged/overhung parts: an experienced whitewater spotter should be taken as snag points are not obvious and there are so many along the length of the river. We kayaked 44km in 16 hours of kayaking, moving faster than I would choose to when searching: search managers should try hard to refine the area they need searched and target that area. In low flows, visibility in water in the upper sections is good. In the lower sections, river width and depth prevent good visibility. In higher flows, cloudy water prevents visibility. the biggest problem for searching for a body is the area of water to cover. Expect a low POD. WWSAR teams should be experienced and carry overnight gear. River Report Form Karamea from Venus 12 and 13 -12-2010 165 Any other notes River Report Form Karamea from Venus 12 and 13 -12-2010 166 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Karamea River various sections 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Karamea River Australia Canada Norway SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 226 Number of respondents for this section 75 Mean number trips per person 3.0 River Report Form Kokatahi 230210 167 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Kokatahi (Crawford Junction) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Usually at Crawford Junction on river right approx: 556 423 42? 57.539?S 171? 13.783?E Alternative (shorter) approx. 2.7km downstream where trail crosses river at: 538 443 42? 56.503?S 171? 12.489?E By road bridge river left approx: 476 492 42? 53.714?S 171? 8.021?E (this is also the helo pick up point unless stock are close by, in which case it is usually further up road) Access description Helo: usually Kokatahi Helicopters from paddocks on left bank of river at road bridge (Middle Branch Road) 476 492. Usual flight to Crawford Junction sometimes now reduced (see above). Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 23 rd March 2010 Group members (on this trip) Norwood Scott (USA, in C1) Scott Kazmar (USA) Jo ????? (USA) Mary Harrop (USA) Jordy Searle (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) The Kokatahi is solid g5, steep and technical low-medium volume river kayaking. It has waterfalls, slots and rapids, although most rapids are made of single moves. The gradient is almost continuous, with no flat sections although there are less and more difficult sections. The flow on this trip was low, approx 15-20m3/s. This makes the Kokatahi easier than higher flows as it slows the trip down giving more time to think and plan moves, as well as more bank space to check rapids and/or portage. The Kokatahi can be kayaked at higher flows than this although following rain it is unlikely to be suitable. The Kokatahi flows reliably during summer months and into autumn, due to it suitability at low-medium flows. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) The river bed is primarily made up of boulder rapids and slips are frequent, causing a highly mobile river bed. There are stunning sections of bedrock river bed including one of the most amazing river landscapes where the river bed is wave shaped and the water flows over this in parallel (see photos). Water is typically bright blue in colour and transparent. It does get silty and turbid at higher flows. Water is always clean and good to drink. River Report Form Kokatahi 230210 168 Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Kokatahi is a very steep sided valley and the upper river section from Crawford Junction to White Creek (level with Boo Boo hut) is all in open steep valley. Views downstream are typically of native bush and slips on the sides although attention is dominated by the immediate river landscape and technical issues. Views upstream are of high alpine mountains, notably Mt Fitzgerald (see photos). From White Creek downstream are several gorges, from low (10m sides) to medium high (50m sides?) All gorges are tight and vertical-sided with impressive rock formations. Around what is labelled Whakarira Gorge on the map (actually a more open section) there is a slip which is usually portaged due to huge boulders creating a river blockage. The boulders are over 40m in some dimensions and one has a crack allowing views through to the river about 15m below. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Although the Kokatahi is quite a short section (about 13km) it has a high wilderness value due to the absence of a riverside track for most of its length, the wild terrain and pristine, active river environment. It does not feel like a river that could easily be evacuated from. The hut and swingbridge in the upper section are hardly noticed, and the trail and swingbridge in the lower section are welcomed by then. However, these factors do slightly reduce the wilderness factor. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None seen on this trip. Description of overall character of river The Kokatahi is steep, technical adventure boating in a pristine environment close to town. The changing nature of the river bed, combined with tight gorge entries, keeps kayakers on their toes from flood to flood. Its flow reliability, and the disappearance of a nasty rock weir in floods, has seen a marked increase in visitors since 2007 to the point that some have dubbed the Kokatahi ?the new Arahura?. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Steep; technical; pristine; gorges; waterfalls Info for land managers Helo access to the Kokatahi is essential. Kayakers use few facilities of the Kokatahi valley, other than the 500m of trail from Adamson Creek to the swingbridge. This is unlikely to change. Info for rescue managers Trampers, hunters and kayakers use the Kokatahi valley, although kayakers are most likely to get into the river as swingbridges are provided for land based activities in most likely crossing places. Travel on foot along the Kokatahi River would be very dangerous and slow. Upstream of Whites Creek at 535 463 the river valley opens out and a helo could do an initial sweep search, although I would recommend an experienced whitewater person as a second spotter. A kayak team would be a great advantage if a River Report Form Kokatahi 230210 169 search of the river corridor is considered useful. A kayak team should be capable of g5 although expected to walk most g5 for risk reduction purposes. Therefore, expect slow progress and high physical exertion as portaging is often harder than kayaking in this river. A search from Crawford Junction to the roadbridge would most likely take 12 hours minimum and it may be more useful to concentrate a kayak team?s search on a smaller section and consider helo out. Carrying full overnight gear would make progress slower and more dangerous. Kayak teams should not be put in place when there is immediate pending rainfall. It is also inadvisable to use a kayak team when the river is at higher flows or discoloured. A body in the Kokatahi is likely to snag quickly at low flows due to the density of boulders. It is also likely to be recoverable to the bank by an experienced whitewater SAR team due to low overall flow and water clarity. POD would be difficult to estimate given the density of whitewater and the significant size of some whitewater features. A helo evac of an injured kayaker in 2010 was hampered by poor directions given to the helo team, resulting in the casualty staying overnight with a dislocated shoulder. Kayakers rarely use PLBs or carry top maps which did not help. Any other notes Bedrock water landscape River Report Form Kokatahi 230210 170 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Kokatahi River Upper 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Kokatahi River upper Australia Canada Germany Italy SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 125 Number of respondents for this section 43 Mean number trips per person 2.9 River Report Form Landsborough 28+290310 171 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Lands borough (normal multi day fly-in to Wilderness boundary Toetoe Flat) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Toetoe Flat, approx. 363 352 43? 53.390?S 169? 42.971?E On Haast River, downstream of Clarke Bluff, approx. 128 250 43? 58.306?S 169? 25.242?E Access description Helo access from take-out, for this trip with Harvey Hutton of Makarora. Clients for this trip walked through Brodrick Pass and picked up by helo to get to camp 1 at ToeToe Flat. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 28 th and 29 th March 2010 Group members (on this trip) Accompanied a commercial rafting trip, Hidden Valleys (Grant South): 18 rafters in 3 rafts (all NZ/Aus) 1 kayaker, Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) The Landsborough at this flow is a g4 river with most of the distance being g1-2, and a g3 gorge with about 3 g.4 rapids. Its style is that of a bigger river ie lower gradient, bigger volume than many West Coast rivers. Rapids are typically multi-move and 30- 100m in length, able to be read and run on the go by experienced kayakers and rafters. One or two rapids require scouting from the bank. This trip was following rain but not heavy rain: the river was discoloured but did not seem high. It was hard to estimate the flow due to discolouration. At higher flows the river is apparently harder by being more continuous and having more powerful hydraulics. The flow of the Landsborough, given its broad range of flow suitability, is very reliable. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this trip, the water was grey-brown in colour and quite opaque. It was, however, clean and I drank from it. The colour of the water would vary considerably depending on the rain history. The river bed varies between shingle rapids to boulder rapids. The water landscape is not the most significant feature of the Landsborough?s environment. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Landsborough is in a beautiful, large river valley surrounded by high snow-capped mountains, even in late summer. At all times, there are very impressive panoramic views. As gorges are typically wider than most West Coast rivers, views to surrounding mountains can be seen even in gorges. The gorges themselves are shallow and open compared to other West Coast rivers and it is the valley that makes the biggest River Report Form Landsborough 28+290310 172 contribution to the scenery. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) The long flight in and impressive mountains add a significant feeling of wilderness to the Landsborough river trip. Between camps there are few signs of human influence and the valley is largely pristine. However, Queenstown Rafting?s semi-permanent camps including solar panels, plus other structures in places, reduce the degree of wilderness feel for experienced wilderness users. This reduction is generally offset by the large scale mountain and river valley vistas. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None noted on this trip. Description of overall character of river The Landsborough is known as a wilderness adventure destination river for rafters and a pleasant two day wilderness trip for kayakers, although kayakers are likely to see it as a lower level of wilderness than comparable trips such as the Waiatoto and certainly less than the Waipara or Cascade. The Landsborough is a true river journey with evolving water and valley landscapes along its course. For advanced whitewater kayakers, the focus of the Landsborough trip is more on the environment than the river, although for rafters and less able kayakers there is a very good balance between technical challenge and wilderness feel. Crucial is the 2 day element, although in my case I completed the river trip in one day (overnighted at Camp 1, Toetoe Flat). Distinctive features of river trip (key words) River journey; wilderness; valley landscapes; multi day; camping; Info for land managers It is a great shame that the Landsborough upstream of Toetoe Flat cannot be accessed by helo ? necessary for boats ? as this would add at least another day to the journey, making the Landsborough one of the world?s destination river journeys. Structures in place may be useful to high end commercial tourism but reduce the wilderness quality to an extent to more experienced users. Info for rescue managers The Landsborough River has little to snag bodies and I think it likely that a body would travel quickly at any flow, from anywhere in the main current. With few gorges, an aerial sweep by helo could be effective. An experienced whitewater spotter would be useful as snag points are not obvious. A kayak team could sweep river level from Toetoe Flat down to the Haast River in one long day (allow 10 - 12 hours). Searching in the river would be very difficult due to the width of the river and likely opacity and discolouration of the water. The river would have no mandatory portages for a g5 capable whitewater SAR team. River Report Form Landsborough 28+290310 173 River Report Form Landsborough 28+290310 174 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Landsborough River ToeToe Flat 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Landsborough USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 82 Number of respondents for this section 50 Mean number trips per person 1.6 River Report Form Makawhio (Jacobs) River 090910 175 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Makawhio / Jacobs River Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Just downstream of Jumbo Creek confluence at approx: 43? 39.869? 169? 43.901?E 366 602 SH6 road bridge by Jacobs River school, approx: 43? 34.359?S 169? 40.747?E 318 703 Access description Helo access with James Scott/Alpine Adventures. From paddock on river left upstream of Jacobs River bridge, by consent of farmer. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 9 th September 2010 Group members (on this trip) Trent Garnham (NZ) Jared Mitchell (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) The Makawhio starts steeply with good g4 and some g4+ (one portage) before it eases to mostly g3 and eventually to flat in the plains. It is about half whitewater and half flat, although the whitewater takes the longer time (flat water only took about 45 mins kayaking gently). Rapids are mostly large boulders forming tight channels and technical kayaking, even in easier rapids. Flow on this day estimated at about 20cumecs near the start. This was 2 days after rain in spring: would need rain and could have comfortably been a bit higher. Likely to flow reliably in spring. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Blue water, hint of green, with good visibility but not completely transparent. Clean and great drinking. Mostly multiple-channel through large boulders with some gentle wider sections. Riverbed geology notable for its colour diversity, with whites in particular noted. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) One of the most scenic river trips I've done, despite no deep gorges, the Makawhio valley is very steep with native forest to exposed cliffs high up sides and views to snowy mountains around. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) For a relatively short flight (about 10 mins) the Makawhio has a very high degree of wilderness feel. There is absolutely no sign of human influence in the upper section, to the farmland on the plains. No track markers, bridges or huts. The rugged scenery adds to the feel. We noted a louder than usual bird sound. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) 8 whio seen in upper section: 2 individual, rest in pairs. Notably louder bird sound than other valleys recently visited. River Report Form Makawhio (Jacobs) River 090910 176 Description of overall character of river The Makawhio/Jacobs River is a very high quality day out for entertaining whitewater adventure in a stunning wilderness setting. It is not as demanding as many West Coast kayak trips but contains challenges for any level. It is not a whitewater classic but is a very worthy addition and likely favourite of nature- lovers. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Nature; wilderness; scenery; grade 4 Info for land managers Wilderness zoning prevents kayak access further up the valley but in this case, that doesn?t matter much as the gorge upstream of Jumbo Creek is unpleasant looking with many sieves. Access to land at Jumbo Creek should be ensured. Info for rescue managers It is unlikely that anyone would be in the Makawhio/Jacobs River. However, a tramper or hunter in the valley would likely use the rivers ides for movement as the bush appears to be very dense. Search by kayak team on the river would be by far the quickest means to clear the river corridor. Allow 3 hours from Jumbo Creek to the farmland for a quick search; 6 hours at least for a thorough search. Jetboats would be a suitable search method for the flat section through farmland. A kayak team should be grade 5 competent as there are sieves in the main river. There are many potential entrapment points higher up the river. Flow history would be critical as high flows would more likely flush a body through. Given good water clarity and a relatively low flow, a thorough search by experienced kayakers should give a good POD. Good water clarity also means an initial helo search would be useful and better if accompanied by an experienced whitewater searcher. Any other notes River Report Form Makawhio (Jacobs) River 090910 177 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Makawhio Jacobs River 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Makawhio Jacobs River USA NZ Canty NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 7 Number of respondents for this section 3 Mean number trips per person 2.3 River Report Form Martyr River 150210 178 Notes River Report Form Martyr River 150210 179 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Martyr (Monkey Puzzle Gorge) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Upstream of bridge on Jackson River Road, past Martyr Saddle, on river right, approx: 441 047 44? 7.394?S 168? 33.038?E Where Jackson River Road comes back to Martyr River on river left approx: 427 063 44? 6.503?S 168? 32.120?E Access description Easy drive to put-in and take-out. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 15 th February 2010 Group members (on this trip) Gareth Fryer (NZ) Olaf Koehler (USA) Jason Shepherd aka JJ (USA) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Very low volume river which is hard to grade as most of it is really portaged. Overall, would have to be graded 4 as there are a few waterfalls and slots that could be kayaked. Reliability high at lower flows but would be unsuitable at high flows as portages are mandatory (huge sieves). Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Transparent green water showing interesting river bed made from surrounding conglomerate rock. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The river immediately leaves the road and passes into a pristine gorge with no sign of human influence. The views are limited to the immediate gorge, which is made up of a winding course through conglomerate rock, and surrounding native bush. The landscape is very different from anything I've seen on other New Zealand rivers. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) The long drive south to the river and steepness of the gorge/valley sides, combined with the pristine nature of the river environment, gives a string feeling of wilderness despite the short (2.5km) stretch and road start and finish. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None seen this trip. Description of overall character of river This is a novelty trip which is about fun exploration in an unusual environment using a combination of kayaking and canyoneering techniques. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Conglomerate; novelty; short; canyoneering River Report Form Martyr River 150210 180 Info for land managers It is unlikely that conflict of any kind will happen here due to the remote location and scarce and peculiar usage. Info for rescue managers A rescue call-out in this section is not unfeasible, as it would be easy for a foot or kayak explorer to get stuck in the many sieves. Kayaks are definitely useful for travel in this gorge although they do slow progress in one section by making portage harder. Helicopters would find it hard to search effectively, although a sweep may locate a group, and extremely hard to extract people. A kayak team should be highly experienced despite the novelty nature of the trip, due to the high degree of danger from sieves. Consider an experienced cave rescue or canyoneering team (perhaps from Queenstown) if kayakers are not available. Any other notes Kayakers near the put-in, Martyr River A seal launch after a portage River Report Form Mikonui River 211210 181 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Mikonui River Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out At Totara Valley road end, walk across river flats to main channel (not as shown on map), approx: 43? 0.099?S 170? 51.303?E 253367 River left at SH6 road bridge: 42? 54.532?S 170? 46.101?E 178468 Access description 2wd mixed sealed and gravel road, long shuttle along Totara Valley Road. This road frequently gets damaged by weather so 4wd may be useful. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 21 Dec 2010 Group members (on this trip) Gareth Fryer (NZ) Eddie Murphy (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) The flow on this day was very high following a significant rainfall event, so not typical; very approx. 120 cumecs (flowing into paddocks at SH6 roadbridge when we left vehicle but had dropped to bank full by the time we reached take-out). At this flow, the river was a wide, big volume grade 3 trip with large waves, some exploding, and big holes despite gentle gradient. Wide lines made the trip easy but exciting. At lower flows, the Mikonui is known as a gentle grade 2 trip with one grade 3 rapid. It is known as being best after some rain. Given the range of useful flows, the Mikonui can be said to have reliable flows. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this trip, the water landscape was grey-brown turbid. The river was expansive, spreading wide through braids and filling the river channel in the gorge. No river bed features were visible, although occasional ?rooster tails? indicated larger boulders or trees. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Mikonui valley is very scenic, with large mountains dissected by high waterfalls which unusually (for northern Westland) flow over substantial bedrock cliffs. In the upper part of the river, the valley is wide and the river braided. The gorge does not have vertical walls but steep native forested sides. There are large meanders with slips and cliff features, offering interesting views of the layers passing each other as you travel downstream. Downstream of the gorge, the valley widens significantly and farmland can be seen on the banks. There are still impressive natural views back to the mountains. River Report Form Mikonui River 211210 182 Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) With a long gravel drive in, high mountains, waterfalls and a pristine environment with no sign of people, the Mikonui has a higher wilderness feel. This is reduced somewhat by the drive in and farmland after the gorge, but it still feels like wilderness and is particularly of note due to the low grade of the trip. There are few, if any, other grade 2 trips with such a high degree of wilderness feel on the West Coast. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None seen on this trip. Description of overall character of river At 16km, the Mikonui is an outstanding example of a grade 2 day trip through dramatic scenery in a pristine environment. With no tight gorges and a reasonably constant gentle gradient, kayakers or canoeists will have interesting easier experiences at most flows (depending on their ability). This rivers should be a ?must do? for international students and could be exploited much more for eco-tourist use. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Scenery; mountains; waterfalls; pristine; grade 2; gentle Info for land managers Access to the put in is key: the track is currently set up for trampers going upstream with no consideration for river users. This could easily be changed. As mentioned, I think that the Mikonui is an excellent eco-tourism resource for the central West Coast. A little work to facilitate this would be very useful. Further work could include track access to view features on the way downstream, such as a viewing platform part way up Red Granite Creek. Info for rescue managers There is some likelihood of needing to conduct a river search on the Mikonui due to tramping and hunting upstream. Red Granite Creek may well lead to kayaker injuries (see note below) but most kayak teams of the standard to kayak this river will self rescue. Due to no overhanging gorges, a helo search on the Minonui would be useful: a whitewater spotter would help as there is a lot of water to cover and relatively few snag points to watch for. It is possible that a jetboat team could assist the kayak team by covering downstream of the gorge. At high flows, an experienced whitewater kayak team could cover the Mikonui section in under 3 hours BUT are unlikely to have a POD over 30% unless person searched for is alive on banks: area to cover and lack of visibility in water would greatly reduce ability to search effectively. At low flows (the Mikonui drops quite quickly) POD should increase significantly but will still be reduced by the area of water to cover. Allow 4-8 hours depending on thoroughness of search required. River Report Form Mikonui River 211210 183 Red Granite Creek (pic left), a tributary on true left, is now kayaked reasonably frequently at high flows. It is characterised by large waterfalls and has a very steep, exhausting, walk in. The upper part of the Mikonui and parts of the Tuke have also been kayaked. River Report Form Mikonui River 211210 184 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Mikonui River 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Mikonui River UK NZ HB NZ M-W NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 43 Number of respondents for this section 23 Mean number trips per person 1.9 River Report Form Moeraki (Blue) 080910 185 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Moeraki (Blue) River Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Variable depending on how far one wants to walk. This trip, approx: 43? 48.014?S 169? 21.199?E 066 437 We took out at a creek on river right close to SH6. 43? 45.912?S 169? 19.685?E 044 476 Access description Walking from DoC car park off SH6 at 065 469. We walked about 4km in about 1h20min. Reports are that it is possible to walk a further unspecified distance to get more whitewater. Take-out where creek on river right makes access to SH6 easy. Walk back to car park along SH6. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 8 th September 2010 Group members (on this trip) Trent Garnham (NZ) Jared Mitchell (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Grade 4 and 5 medium-low volume technical and quite continuous kayaking through boulder rapids avoiding serious hazards such as sieves and strainers. A busy feel with little let-up to action until gradient eases at valley bottom. Needs rain: we kayaked at approx. 25 cumecs and it was good, but could have handled some more (maybe 30 cumecs) but would be scary with lots more water. Reliability weather dependent. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Blue-green water with typical South Westland clarity. Generally boulder rapids or varying gradient without bedrock gorges. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) Views from river primarily whitewater and native vegetation, pristine apart from around swingbridge where old bridge parts left in river bed. Nearer end of trip, valley opens out to give wider scale impressive views back to mountain tops. Very scenic despite lack of large scale gorges or similar features. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) South Westland always gives a higher degree of wilderness feel, in aprt due to a long drive to get there from any towns. Walk in increases that feel although presence of track reduces it somewhat and in particular the swingbridge and remains of previous one in river bed. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None seen on this trip. Description of overall This was a pleasant surprise ? a lot of good quality whitewater in River Report Form Moeraki (Blue) 080910 186 character of river a very pretty setting for a reasonable walk. The river is only suitable for advanced kayakers due to serious consequences of mistakes (sieves, strainers) and fairly continuous whitewater. A great half day trip which is a must-do for kayakers in the area when there is enough water. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Walk in; continuous whitewater; scenic; grade 4+ Info for land managers There is nothing that land managers need to do for this river, other than maintain the status quo. Info for rescue managers It is possible that a hunter or tramper could end up in this river, although the swingbridge makes it unlikely. Similarly, most kayakers accessing this river will be well prepared. There are many possible entrapment points throughout the river resulting in a likely low POD. River banks and boulders are extremely slippery and unsuitable for land based teams. An assessment of recent flow history would be essential before planning a search (in high flows it is likely that a body would travel significantly further). A search team should be well equipped and experienced. It would be preferable for them to access the river by helo, possibly dropping at Horsehoe Flat Hut, to reduce fatigue. Allow 4 hours for a quick search and a full day for a detailed search. Any other notes . River Report Form Mokihinui River 070111 187 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Mokihinui River Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out We put in at Johnson Hut on the Johnson River, approx: 41? 28.062?S 172? 18.672?E 397090 North branch put in approx: 406080 Forks put in approx: 315005 Track to Rough and Tumble Lodge, not marked on topo map but is on Google Earth, river left at approx: 41? 33.280?S 172? 0.952?E 179992 Access description Helo access using Helicharter Karamea (Wayne Pratt). Small groups as us direct from Karamea aerodrome; larger groups from take-out. Shuttle to take-out required. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 7 th January 2011 Group members (on this trip) Dave Ritchie (NZ) Brendon Robertson (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) This trip has 3 distinct sections: Johnson River, Mokihinui North Branch and Mokihinui from the Forks. The Johnson River is steep, medium-low volume (15 cumecs on this trip?) grade 4+ with some grade 5. Mostly boat scoutable continuous boulder-formed rapids with some powerful holes. There are shallow gorge walls in places but all portageable if required. The North Branch is bigger volume, very approx. 25 cumecs on this trip, fairly steep classic grade 4 technical kayaking with long rapids requiring planning and execution of moves. Most rapids can be scouted from in boat but only just. This was one of my favourite sections I've kayaked full stop and a very pleasant surprise. From the Forks, the Mokihinui is a bigger volume river with wide lines, large waves and hydraulic features and many large holes. There are many very high quality rapids, with a good flow, including a grade 4+/5 rapid. Mostly though this section is grade 3-4 and very accessible to a range of kayakers and rafters. Additional water is a strong advantage for all sections so reliability is not high, although I am told that the sections are kayakable at lower flows and higher. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river Johnson: brown and clear with good visibility, drinkable and clean. Granite bedrock and boulder river bed features. North Branch slightly more turbid golden brown water but still River Report Form Mokihinui River 070111 188 bed features) quite clear. Granite boulders with some bedrock. Stands of dead trees in river from earthquakes. Mokihinui from Forks brown and cloudy/opaque with silt. This was after slips caused by flooding, however. Large boulders, bedrock ledges and constrictions, river bed obscured. Notably warm water, to the point that we sought cold water to drink from the numerous blue/clear tributaries. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) Notable diversity of valley landscape. Johnson narrow and V shaped with dense bushy sides, no deep gorges. Then opens out into a very expansive area surrounded by mountains with large cliff faces and rocky peaks, all pristine and bush/toe toe/grassy flats. It is hard to tell which way the river is going. Entering the Mokihinui proper from the Forks, the valley narrows to a steep V-sided valley with low scoured bedrock gorge walls. The valley stays narrow and bush clad. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Flying in to Johnson, there is a very high degree of wilderness feel. Distance/remoteness feels like the Karamea, but after the initial hut there are no signs of people until near the end of the Forks down section, close to Rough and Tumble (old mine/logging debris). Vegetation seems pristine and the expansive valley section in the middle offers a feeling of disorientation that adds to the impression of being in a special wilderness. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None noted Description of overall character of river The Mokihinui from the Johnson River is a fantastic river journey of 35km, with a more pronounced character change than I can think of on any other whitewater river trip that I know of. Being mostly grade 4 the trip is an option for a range of (upper) kayaker skill levels; there is little grade 5 and all can be portaged making true wilderness travel very accessible. Whitewater is of top quality and there is lots of it. Camping would enrich the experience. Pristine golden-brown water and constant interest make this an awesome experience, particularly with good weather and a little extra water. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Wilderness; pristine; overnight; grade 4; read and run; journey Info for land managers The big question is obvious: will the Mokihinui be dammed? My experience on this trip, the first time I had paddled the Mokihinui, was one of the biggest surprises of my year in that the trip was one of the best I'd done, ever. All kayakers really need is to keep things as they are. Info for rescue managers A popular area for hunting, tramping and angling, it is likely that a search will happen in this river corridor. Kayak teams would be best for a detailed search and could enable clearing a corridor quite quickly: we took 5 ? hours kayaking time from Johnson hut River Report Form Mokihinui River 070111 189 to the takeout (35km). A helo search would be effective as there are few tight gorges or areas of overhanging vegetation. An experienced whitewater spotter would be very useful as snag points may not be obvious and there are many. Johnson is clearer and narrower so easier to search; expect a high POD here. The North Branch becomes wider with lots of whitewater that would be very hard to search effectively, for a body. The Mokihinui from the Forks down would be even harder. Expect a low POD. From the Rough and Tumble rapid downstream, jet boats would be more effective Length of trip is an issue. Ensure WWSAR teams are experienced, have overnight gear and time. Any other notes Johnson put-in Johnson River Report Form Mokihinui River 070111 190 North Branch Wide valley before the Forks The main Mokihinui River Report Form Mokihinui River 070111 191 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Mokihinui River North Branch Australia Canada Germany UK NZ M-W NZ Wgtn NZ Nlsn NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 68 Number of respondents for this section 26 Mean number trips per person 2.6 River Report Form Mokihinui River 070111 192 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Mokihinui River Forks Canada Germany UK USA NZ BOP NZ HB NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 122 Number of respondents for this section 55 Mean number trips per person 2.2 River Report Form Moonlight 190610 193 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Moonlight Creek (normal section from track to bailey bridge) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out 5min walk down Moonlight Track at start of Andersons Flat where river become visible through bush, river right, approx: 42? 16.329?S 171? 27.633?E 731 188 At Bailey Bridge on access road (possible to extend to road bridge at Atarau but rarely done) approx: 42? 17.720?S 171? 27.861?E 734 136 Access description 2 wheel drive unsealed road access then easy 5 minute walk to river. 2wd access to bailey bridge at take-out. Sometimes groups walk back to put-in from take-out. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 19 th June 2010 Group members (on this trip) Phil Johnson (NZ) Kevin England (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Only kayaked at high flows after rain, Moonlight has g.3 whitewater from start to near the finish where it becomes g.2. Moonlight is characterised by continuous rapids of waves, holes and surging eddies, with occasional strainers giving some serious consequences for a g.3 trip. It has a lot of whitewater features for a short (3.8km) river section. On this trip, the river was high. It is hard to estimate flow, due to the discoloured water, but approx. 40 cumecs is likely. Flow needs to be high to kayak Moonlight, although this was higher than I have run it before and 30 cumecs would be sufficient in my opinion, although this makes the rapids rockier and hydraulic features less powerful resulting in less fun. Moonlight is only a rain-fed run meaning it flows unreliably, although it is relatively easy to predict when it will have enough water (for 4-8 hours after very heavy rain). Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) The water is typically brown and opaque due to the flood-run nature of the trip. It is clean and unpolluted, however. The water landscape on a typical trip is a blurred mixture of brown and white water. The river bed is rarely seen. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) Moonlight is set in beautiful native forest and passes through a shallow mossy gorge. Towards the end of the gorge it widens with tall cliffs of mudstone on alternating banks. Description of degree of Moonlight is very pretty and feels largely natural, but has quite a River Report Form Moonlight 190610 194 wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) low wilderness feel due to the drive-in access and occasional presence of human influence (eg old logging bridge). It is, however, usually a step up in wilderness feel for intermediate ability users. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None noted on this trip. Description of overall character of river Moonlight is a very high quality medium/low difficulty - but high interest - river trip set in a very pretty gorge which is easily accessible. This makes it a rare trip and it has become popular, mainly with local kayakers, after heavy rain. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Flood run; continuous; grade 3; strainers; short walk; gorge Info for land managers It is vital for kayakers that the bailey bridge at 734136 is maintained for vehicular access, as without the bridge the length of walk to the Moonlight River put-in would be very off putting, particularly as this trip appeals to less experienced kayakers who are less likely to have carrying equipment. Info for rescue managers It is quite possible that a rescue/recovery will be required in the Moonlight River, as occasionally less skilled river users do access the river and strainers are commonplace. A helo sweep could be useful, although I would recommend using an experienced whitewater spotter as strainer entrapments may not be readily evident. A kayak team should be confident on g4 whitewater and capable of roped recovery work. They should carry saws, pulleys and plenty of rope. They may need chainsaw assistance. Allow 30min ? 1hour for a ?sweep?, longer for a detailed search. It is unlikely that a body would snag other than on a strainer at high flows. Searching would be hindered at high flows by the continuous and fast-flowing nature of the river and discolouration of the water. Low flows happen very soon after high flows, so unless a life could be saved it may be worth waiting for lower flows (4-8 hours after rain). Any other notes A kayaker at the put-in on Moonlight River Report Form Moonlight 190610 195 A river-wide strainer (log) across Moonlight River Report Form Moonlight 190610 196 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Moonlight Creek Grey District 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Moonlight Creek USA NZ Nlsn NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 47 Number of respondents for this section 19 Mean number trips per person 2.5 River Report Form Perth 070210 197 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Perth (Scone down inc. Five Finger Stream) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Scone Hut river flats (opp. Hut on river right): 030947 43? 22? 29.2? S 170? 34? 04.2? E Five Finger Stream: 009958 43? 20? 47.4? S 170? 31? 00.9? E As helo pick-up at car park by old broken bridge at 903033 43? 17? 36? S 170? 24? 44.8? E Access description Helicopter access, usually with James Scott/Alpine Adventures, from car park upstream of SH6 road bridge. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 07 02 2010 Group members (on this trip) There were 21 kayakers on the Perth on this day from NZ, Europe, Canada and USA: 3 to Five Finger Gully 11 to Scone Hut 7 to ?Upper? Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Scone: classic steep river kayaking between large boulders. Lots of ?read and run? g4 with steeper sections of g5. Most rapids medium to long, multi-move. Eddies frequent but not many flat areas. Flow was very low (20m 3 /s?) on this trip, following a long period of dry weather in late summer. Low flow makes river slightly easier, with slower speeds and rapids more clearly separated. It does not lower quality of run. Medium and higher flows offer excellent quality, slightly more challenging kayaking. This gives the Perth a wide flow range. Very high flows are unknown to me but would most likely create a fast and scary experience with lots of powerful hydraulics. Five Finger: classic g3 and g4 kayaking leading into a gorge with optional harder g4+rapids. Similar flow regime to upper, although lower gradient tolerates higher flows to an extent. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Scone: characterised by bright blue glacial water, so a bit milky. Clean. Chutes separated by big boulders. Horizon line after horizon line. Fine Finger: boulder rapids and some shingle rapids lead into a gorge. Again, bright blue, clean water. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) Scone: few gorges and shallow where present, so valley mostly visible. Large scale views of mountains with glaciers and native vegetation. Five Finger: similar valley landscape with wide views to gorge. River Report Form Perth 070210 198 Gorge stunning with high sides and bright, scoured walls. Wider than many West Coast gorges. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Scone: no sign of human interference; trails and huts not visible although present; no sign of helo landing pads; scenery dramatic and large scale; flight medium length so wilderness feel very high. Would take over a day to walk out. Five Finger: as for Scone, although shorter flight reduces feel of remoteness. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) On this trip, rata flowers were exceptionally bright giving the valley a red hue partly visible in photos. Description of overall character of river The Perth is a West Coast classic which is renowned the world over. It is defined by steep, continuous, ?read and run? ?seat of your pants? type whitewater in the Scone and Upper sections with many classic rapids one after another and very few flat sections (although flat paddle out at end). It is a big day out with a high density of top quality g4 and g5 kayaking. The valley and mountain scenery is notable and the gorge in the Five Finger section is stunning. Although it does feel like a wilderness trip, the focus is very much on the river/kayaking as there is so much happening. The Perth attracts international kayakers and has been on the ?must do? list since 1995, although kayakers have explored higher and higher. Because the Perth has sections with of different degrees of challenge, it is popular with groups of mixed advanced intermediate ?advanced who can choose appropriate sections. The Perth from Five Finger is popular with commercial rafting groups including a trip that comes over Dennistoun Pass on foot from east of the Alps. It is seen as a ?grade 5? rafting trip, with the attractions being challenging whitewater and great scenery. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Continuous; read and run; blue water; classic grade 4 and grade 5 whitewater; rafting Info for land managers Helicopter access is essential for kayaking and rafting the Perth. Otherwise, kayakers have little need for anything. It is notable that the trail is not apparent from the river and this adds to the sense of wilderness. Info for rescue managers Kayakers who get into trouble on the Perth are unlikely to be rescued successfully by a SAR team: it is busy kayaking and their own team needs to effect their rescue. It is more likely that a kayaker who has lost his boat ?goes bush? without finding the trail and needs to be found. Trampers etc could feasibly be washed into the Perth from side creeks. The Perth in any section has many boulder entrapment possibilities but few trees and few flat sections for bodies to slow down. If the river is high at the time a body enters, I think it would travel quickly (or entrap immediately). River Report Form Perth 070210 199 The open nature of the Perth means a helo search would be useful. A kayak spotter would be very useful as there are so many entrapment spots that are not obvious to people unfamiliar with whitewater. A good kayak SAR team could search the banks of the Perth for a live person at low-medium flows in 3-6 hours from Five Finger; 6- 10 hours from Scone; 8-12 hours from the Upper. Portaging would be necessary for a safe operation. A kayak SAR team would be unlikely to need support once on the river unless target located. Jet boats would be suitable up to the Perth-Whataroa confluence. Many parts of the Perth could not be searched for a dead person with a high POD due to the inaccessibility and poor visibility of the rapids. However, given data on flows and likely entry points, a good kayak SAR team should be able to search sections effectively and safely. Typical photos Typical ?upper? rapid Group fun kayaking waterfall Scenic ?lower? gorge River Report Form Perth 070210 200 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Perth River Upper upper 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Perth upper upper Germany SUI USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 51 Number of respondents for this section 33 Mean number trips per person 1.5 River Report Form Perth 070210 201 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Perth River Scone Hut 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Perth Scone Hut Australia Canada Germany Italy SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Nlnd NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 257 Number of respondents for this section 70 Mean number trips per person 3.7 River Report Form Perth 070210 202 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Perth River Five Finger 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Perth Five Finger Canada Germany Italy SUI UK USA NZ AKL NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Nlnd NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 255 Number of respondents for this section 73 Mean number trips per person 3.5 River Report Form Styx 240410 203 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Styx (?normal? walk in to Tyndall Creek) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out On river right opposite Tyndall Creek approx.: 42? 53.377?S 171? 13.366?E 548 498 Alternatively where track dips down to river at: 547 498 Or, for easier trip, where track close to river at: 544 496 Where Styx river meets track at approx.: 42? 53.225?S 171? 10.865?E 505 501 Alternatively at Upper Kokatahi Road bridge: 493 505 Access description Through farm land on 4WD track then medium walk on well maintained DoC track (4km, about 1 hour if fit). Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 24 th April 2010 Group members (on this trip) Eddie Murphy (NZ) Gareth Fryer (NZ) Barney Young (NZ) Jared Mitchell (NZ) Matt Shearer (NZ) Kevin England (NZ) ?Skux? (NZ) There was also a group of ?Buggers? from a club in Christchurch led by Graham Boddy. Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Classic ?read and run? technical g4/4+ whitewater in the first 1.5km. Classic g3 whitewater from there down. Tight lines, fairly steep gradient, short drops which are often close together to form longer sequences. Easing into lower gradient wider g3 and g2 rapids with multiple lines. Flow on this trip lower end of medium, very approximately 25 cumecs. Flows well at higher flows although gets much bigger features and they appear much more quickly, making it a harder trip at higher flows. Also works at low flows although it is significantly better (less hitting of rocks, bigger hydraulic features, ?tidier? lines) at increased flows due to rain or spring time high groundwater flow. This broad useable range gives the Styx great reliability. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this trip, the water was green and slightly opaque. At higher flows, it is often brown and fully opaque, although in some spring high flows and all low flows, the water is blue-green and transparent. Water is clean and drinkable. The river bed is rocky and navigation between boulders of various River Report Form Styx 240410 204 sizes is what makes this trip. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Styx valley is steep and covered in native bush. The immediate river valley sides are bouldery with some short bedrock sections. There are no wide scale vistas from the Styx river and no significant gorges. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Due to the walk in and presence of the track alongside the river, the Styx has a relatively low (for the West Coast) wilderness feel. However, it is mostly away from any sign of human influence and the river itself is pristine, meaning wilderness feel is not unnoticeable. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) Frequent whio sightings, although none this trip. Description of overall character of river The Styx River is steep, technical, varied and similar to the helo access trips in the region. It is also reliable, easy and cheap to access and a pleasant walk for a fit person. By choosing a higher (harder) or lower (easier) put-in, kayakers can manage the degree of technical challenge they face. This makes it one of the Hokitika area?s most commonly kayaked and most appreciated rivers. The similarity to the helicopter access trips makes the Styx a vital stepping stone, training and testing ground for local and visiting kayakers. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Steep; technical; varied; boofs; training; whio; walk-in; reliable Info for land managers The Styx plays a critical role in the West Coast kayaking scene. Access under the current arrangement is fine and kayakers require nothing more than maintenance of the status quo. Info for rescue managers The Styx has a popular walking track, albeit with no main river crossing so unless a tramper tries crossing a side creek in flood it is unlikely one would end up in the main river. As a popular destination and training ground for kayakers, accidents on the Styx are likely although in most cases the kayaking group will deal with the situation themselves. If a rescue is required, a helo search would be possible as there are no deep gorges, although it would be advisable to have an experienced whitewater spotter. At high flows, it is likely that a body would travel quickly and violently and a rescue team is unlikely to be successful due to technical challenge and discoloured water. The Styx drops quickly after rain (4-10 hours). A ?pinning? entrapment is most likely for a kayaker, in which case it is possible that a boat/person could stay entrapped for a long period of time. A kayak team could walk in or be dropped by helo, in which case it would be worth using a smaller machine than a Squirrel as otherwise it is likely to mean putting in at Grassy Flats which adds 2 hours at least to the kayakers? time. A kayak team should be g5 capable and familiar with the river. In lower flows and transparent water, a high POD is likely. Allow 1 hour for walk in. 1 hour for quick sweep kayak out from Tyndall Creek. 2-4 hours for detailed searches from that River Report Form Styx 240410 205 put-in. River Report Form Styx 240410 206 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Styx River Tindall Creek 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Styx Tindall Creek Australia Canada Germany Italy SUI UK USA NZ AKL NZ BOP NZ HB NZ M-W NZ Nlnd NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 1442 Number of respondents for this section 117 Mean number trips per person 12.3 River Report Form Taipo 070410 207 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Taipo (Julia Hut and 7-Mile Hut) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Julia Hut confluence Julia Creek and Mary Creek: 42? 53.830?S 171? 25.420?E 713 493 Alternatively upstream of Mid Taipo Hut approx: 723 521 Alternatively flats by ?7 Mile Hut? (Dillons Homestead Hut) on map: 754 627 SH73 road bridge, river right upstream of bridge: 42? 45.265?S 171? 24.178?E Access description Helo access from clearing by SH73 road bridge to Julia Hut or Mid Taipo Hut. This trip with Coastwide Helicopters using an R44. 4WD road access to 7 Mile Hut. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 7 th April 2010 Group members (on this trip) Rob McConnell (NZ) Eddie Murphy (NZ) Bruce Cameron (NZ) Ashley Cheeseman (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) 3 sections: Julia Hut (g4-5), Mid Taipo Hut (g3+/4) and 7 Mile Hut (g2+/3). From Julia Hut, a trip of 25km, there is read and run g4 whitewater which, at medium to high flows has a moderate gradient and river features such as hydraulics and pressure waves with a notably high river velocity. At lower flows such as when this trip took place, the river feels steeper, much more channelized and is considerably slower flowing. The upper Taipo has one major long g5 rapid although this can be portaged easily. The Taipo?s whitewater is continuous and varied in the upper section. Even in the lower sections, it is quite continuous and fast flowing although there are defined easier sections of g1-2. Flow on this trip was approx 15-20cumecs at the put-in although the flow increased with tributaries. Typically, the Taipo is kayaked higher than this and can be kayaked at much higher flows. This gives it a great range of reliability and it is only likely to be unsuitable at extreme winter low flows and floods. From Mid Taipo hut down, the Taipo is classic g3 and g4 ?read and run? kayaking with a moderate gradient. It has long rapids which are kayaked by ?eddy-hopping? through chutes between boulders. River Report Form Taipo 070410 208 From 7-Mile Hut down, the Taipo has fast-flowing shingle rapids with some boulder rapids, then narrows into the last gorge with some powerful hydraulics in g3 boulder rapids. It is harder at high flows and easier at low flows but can be kayaked by experienced kayakers even at a flood flow. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this trip, the water was bright blue and high transparency and great light penetration and visibility. It is, however, often discoloured with higher flows although typically a blue colour and can be an opaque silty grey. It is always clean in the upper sections although there are cows on the banks from around Mid Taipo Hut down. River bed features are typically boulders and shingle. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The upper Taipo is in a steep native bush-clad valley with views back upstream to snowy Mt Rosamond. It flows through several small gorges with vertical rock on one side but not through any deep gorges. There are hot pools on the river right in one upper gorge. On a sunny day, the upper Taipo is a highly scenic trip. From Mid Taipo Hut down, the Taipo flows through a wider valley with mountain sides until it reaches the gorge upstream of SH73. This gorge is impressive with vertical bedrock sides and a steep valley above them. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) The long flight in to Julia Hut gives a good sense of remoteness and wilderness, although this is somewhat reduced by the presence of the hut and modified hot pools (if they are spotted). From the river, there is no sign of human influence until the trail comes next to the river around Dry Creek. From here down, there are fairly frequent reminders of human presence in the form of trail markers, a swingbridge and cable crossing. Wilderness is not a primary attraction for the Taipo. However, the lower Taipo from 7 Mile Hut down is a deservedly popular river for introducing lower ability kayakers to the West Coast environment. Where the river flows away from the road and into the pristine gorge there is no sign of human influence and the steep sides can feel quite intimidating to people less accustomed to wilderness. This section is very important for this reason. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) 5 whio seen on this trip. Description of overall character of river For experienced kayakers, the Taipo from Julia Hut is a fast flowing rollercoaster of read and run fun at higher flows and a long day out of constant whitewater without too much stress in a scenic environment at lower flows. It is much more a river than a steep creek. The easing gradient gives several put-in options that can be tailored to a mixed ability group which, combined with a wide range of suitable flows, gives the Taipo high reliability. However, the Taipo is a very cold river and a cold or windy day makes for a challenging and sometimes unpleasant trip. River Report Form Taipo 070410 209 The lower Taipo from 7 Mile Hut down is an important step up or introductory wilderness experience for lower ability kayakers and is used for rafting due to the gorge scenery and continuous whitewater which makes a great introduction to West Coast rivers. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Long day out; river; moderate gradient; mixed grade; helicopter Info for land managers The status quo is good for kayakers. It would be a great shame if the farmer was allowed to lock the gate to the lower Taipo, as this is an important drive in to an access wilderness experience which is rare. Info for rescue managers The Taipo is fast flowing and there are few obstacles to hang up floating objects, particularly at higher flows. On this trip there was a river-wide strainer in the gorge downstream of Tumbledown Creek and there will be other features from time to time. There are few reasons for anyone to be in the Taipo River as the only crossing has a swingbridge. However, a kayak team can make a quick and efficient sweep of the river as happened in December 2003 when a team of 3 kayakers did a sweep from Julia Hut to the SH73 road bridge in 2 ? hours (at high flow). Usually, allow 4-8 hours from Julia Hut and 3-6 hours from Mid Taipo Hut, with 1-2 hours from 7 Mile hut. A helo search would be hampered by gorges, although there are long stretches that are visible from the air. An experienced whitewater spotter would be an advantage. The Taipo is hard to search for anyone, reducing POD, due to the width and fast flow of the river and occasional multiple channels. If it is considered likely that a person is in the river, then a combination of aerial and kayak search could be useful, concentrating the aerial search on the open sections. Gorge near Julia Hut River Report Form Taipo 070410 210 View upstream in upper Taipo View upstream from swingbridge Steep sides in lower gorge , just upstream of SH73 River Report Form Taipo 070410 211 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Taipo River Julia Hut 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Taipo Julia Hut Australia Canada Germany Italy SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 200 Number of respondents for this section 73 Mean number trips per person 2.7 River Report Form Taipo 070410 212 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Taipo River 7 Mile Hut 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Taipo Seven Mile Germany SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ HB NZ M-W NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 572 Number of respondents for this section 79 Mean number trips per person 7.2 River Report Form Toaroha 220310 213 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Toaroha (normal walk-in) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Downstream end of river flats upstream and opposite Backstair Creek approx: 42? 55.426?S 171? 7.345?E 467 458 Alternative put-ins by walking upstream along river towards Toaroha Canyon. Has been kayaked from source lake. Paddocks at end of 4WD track approx: 42? 54.758?S 171? 7.762?E 473 472 Access description Drive (easy 4WD) to trail end. Walk about 1.8km on reasonably well maintained (boggy) track to ?normal? put in (about 30min for fit person). Note: put-in track is not marked on map as it forks from marked track at about 468459 and follows down an unmarked creek to the river. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 22 nd March 2010 Group members (on this trip) Dave Ritchie (NZ) Liam Anderson (NZ) Peter Kettering (USA/NZ) Mary Harrop (USA) Ky Delaney (USA) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) The Toaroha is kayaked at high flows after rain (occasionally at lower flows but offering significantly lower quality kayaking). On this trip it was a medium flow of approx. 25-30 cumecs. The need for rain reduces the Toaroha?s reliability although during spring it is increased. The Toaroha has a moderate gradient giving it ?real river? qualities of medium length rapids usually requiring several controlled moves and the ability to ?read and run? whitewater. There are pools of easier water between rapids. Rapids are around g4 although the Toaroha is considered a ?soft?g4 and rapids could be graded 3+ with one g4 at the end. Waves and holes would be the most common hydraulic features, with high quality form. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this trip, the water was green and mostly opaque: at higher flows it is frequently brown and opaque, at lower flows a more transparent green but due to the need for increased flows I have never seen the Toaroha completely transparent. Water quality is good and the water can be drunk. The river bed varies from boulders to shingle to bedrock, all having unique effects on the water landscape. For a short river River Report Form Toaroha 220310 214 trip, the Toaroha has a remarkably high variety of water landscape features. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Toaroha valley is steep-sided and bush-clad with impressive cliffs on alternate sides. The last rapid is in a shallow gorge. The river exits the gorge into rough grazing farmland. Due to the winding nature of the Toaroha, there are no views to high alpine mountains. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) With a drive and short walk, the Toaroha should not have much feeling of remoteness. It does, however, with a notably pristine river corridor (until the end of the last gorge above which is strung a cable). So the Toaroha does not have extreme feelings of wilderness or remoteness but it has notable doses of both, notable given such a short distance from roads and people. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None seen on this trip. Description of overall character of river The Toaroha is a local favourite for high quality river features in a short trip. It has a positive ratio of river:walk with 2.5km of river to 1.8km of walk. Its moderate gradient, wide and long rapids with multiple varied features and comfortable read and run style (for experienced kayakers) make the Toaroha a popular trip. Its moderate gradient and pool-drop nature also makes it popular with less experienced kayakers looking to step up to harder whitewater. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Rain; river; moderate gradient; bedrock; long rapids; pool drop Info for land managers Vehicular access through farmland to the trail end is vital for kayakers. The trail used by kayakers veers away from the valley trail at about 468459 and follows down an unmarked creek to the river ? this has caused confusion with visiting kayakers on several occasions as they have taken the wrong turn: it may be worth sign posting the river trail. Info for rescue managers The Toaroha track is well maintained and has swingbridges where crossing are needed so it is unlikely that a tramper would end up in the main river. However, a kayak team would be an effective search method if it was suspected that someone was missing in the immediate river corridor. The Toaroha has been kayaked from its source, but the Toaroha Canyon and sections upstream of Mullins Creek require portaging and very slow progress. Although these sections aren?t regarded as kayaking sections, they could be descended by a kayak team for a search, although progress would be very slow and require advanced rope handling skills. In the usually kayaked section of the Toaroha, there is usually little to snag floating objects and high flows would most likely wash anything through quickly. Opaque water, wide channels River Report Form Toaroha 220310 215 and deep pools would give a very low POD for a non- communicative target. The Toaroha drops quickly once rain stops though, so a search for a potentially non-communicative target may be worth delaying if possible. It is also therefore important to bear in mind the flow history when planning the SAR op. Any other notes Toaroha put-in Early boulder g3+ rapid on Toaroha Typical g3+ bedrock/boulder rapid Entering the last gorge River Report Form Toaroha 220310 216 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Toaroha River downstream of canyon 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Toaroha below canyon Australia Canada Germany Italy Norway SUI UK USA NZ AKL NZ BOP NZ HB NZ M-W NZ Nlnd NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 1058 Number of respondents for this section 130 Mean number trips per person 8.1 River Report Form Totara 211210 217 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Totara Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out There are several options along the straight road through Cedar Flat, approx: 42? 58.101?S 170? 51.307?E 252404 At end of farm track approx: 42? 53.984?S 170? 51.941?E 257481 Access description 2wd gravel road access along Totara Valley Road (this road sometimes gets damaged by rain and slips so 4wd useful). Takeout on farm track. On this trip, farmer gave permission to drive to river Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 21 December 2010 Group members (on this trip) Gareth Fryer (NZ) Eddie Murphy (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) The Totara is classic high-water grade 4, with big volume river features such as exploding waves, large holes, boils and buffers. The water flows quickly giving a rollercoaster ride so most river ?reading? is done from your boat on the go. Lines are generally reasonably wide but consequences of being off line can be severe. This trip was at a medium flow, very hard to estimate but approx. 40cumecs at the put-in and 50-60 at the take-out. It is okay at lower flows, but feels rocky so not ideal, and is enjoyed by regular users at much higher flows. The Totara requires heavy rain and drops very quickly ? it is usual for it to still be raining whilst on the river. The Totara?s reliability therefore is low, but its flow range is quite high. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Brown turbid water with low clarity as is normal for high water rain runs. River bed is usually obscured but is made up mostly of boulders with some bedrock ramps around the gorge. Cliff walls on river bends create buffer waves. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Totara valley is impressively steep sided with native forest cover. Gorges are steep sided with vertical sections, not particularly tight or high, dark in colour. As it is usually raining, and was on this trip, wider visibility is limited. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of Access by road, with occasional views of the road and occasional road debris from tributaries, lowers the wilderness feel. where the Totara flows away from the road, through the gorge, there River Report Form Totara 211210 218 human influence, remoteness) are no signs of human influence and the wilderness feeling is increased substantially. Overall, the Totara is not a wilderness-focussed trip but has a moderate degree of wilderness feel. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None noted. Description of overall character of river The Totara is the central West Coast?s classic grade 4 high water trip. At the right flow, it offers continuous rapids for most of its 11km length. Combined with road access and pleasant river scenery, the Totara is a popular destination at times of heavy rain with users coming from Christchurch if they see a suitable forecast (graphs below). Distinctive features of river trip (key words) High water; heavy rain; grade 4; continuous; road access Info for land managers The Totara Valley Road is really all that is required for kayakers using the Totara, although access back to vehicles through private farmland reduces the flat water section at the end of the trip and is appreciated. Info for rescue managers It is hard to see who, other than kayakers, is likely to get in to the Totara river. With some overhanging vegetation and one reasonably deep gorge, a helo search would be limited but useful for 95% of the river. Snag pints and flows are not obvious so an experienced whitewater spotter would be useful. At high flows, it would be impossible to search the river itself with any effectiveness, but familiar local kayakers would be able to scan the banks for a live person with an acceptable level of safety to themselves. The river drops very quickly so it would be worth waiting to search if possible. At lower flows, the Totara is much slower and clearer, so searchers would be able to provide higher PODs. There are many possible snag points and pools, some of which could not be searched effectively at any flow. Allow 1-2 hours for a high water scan of banks; 2-4 hours for a low water search. Any other notes It was very hard to get good photos due to constant rain. (Right) Typical rapid before gorge River Report Form Totara 211210 219 (Left) The crux rapid in the gorge (Right) Typical easier part of gorge River Report Form Totara 211210 220 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Totara (Ross) Australia Germany Italy Norway SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 580 Number of respondents for this section 106 Mean number trips per person 5.5 River Report Form Turnbull 140210 221 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Turnbull (from power station) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Next to hydro power station intake at end of Turnbull Road: 43? 59.017?S 168? 57.168?E 754 219 Depends on where it is necessary to leave vehicles (ie whether gate is locked). On this trip, with locked gate, take- out: 43? 58.079?S 168? 56.476?E 744 237 Access description The Turnbull has notoriously difficult access, to the point that it was removed from the guidebook. This is due to local landowners locking a gate on the access road, Turnbull Road. Talking to people to get a key is usually fruitless and frustrating. This leaves the only option as leaving a vehicle at the locked gate, walking along the tar sealed road to the put-in, kayaking to a point close to the road then finding your vehicle. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 14 February 2010 Group members (on this trip) Gareth Fryer (NZ) Mary Harrop (USA) Olaf Koehler (USA) Jason Shepherd aka JJ (USA) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Typically a bouncy and challenging g4-5 river, on this trip the Turnbull was very low and channelized. This changed the river?s character, so I will first describe its character on this trip then from previous observations. On this trip, the Turnbull was low volume technical pool-drop boulder bed rapids navigated by choosing the most appropriate slot to get to the next eddy. Several rapids were too low to safely kayak as they had hidden rocks that and/or sieves. Flow would have been around 15 cumecs. Usually, the Turnbull would have at least double that volume of water, approx. 30 cumecs. It is then a fairly steep and continuous river with medium length rapids requiring several moves and generally considered to be at the limit of comfortable ?read and run? kayaking for an experienced kayaker. At this flow, it has many high quality hydraulic features. The Turnbull then requires rain or spring groundwater high flows, reducing its reliability during summer and winter. Description of water landscape (inc. water On this trip, the water was a transparent blue-green. It usually has quite a high transparency, even at higher flows, although the River Report Form Turnbull 140210 222 quality and clarity, river bed features) proportion of whitewater means that visibility is reduced. At all flows, the Turnbull is predominantly a boulder-bed river with a short bedrock section. Water is clean and drinkable. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Turnbull is in a native bush-clad valley surrounded by high mountains. Views downstream are limited but in places are expansive looking upstream. There is a short and shallow gorge with beautiful pools in which the river bed can be seen. The landscape is not the primary attraction of the Turnbull. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) The road, locked gate and hydro power station significantly reduce the wilderness qualities of the Turnbull. Once on the river, it is set in a pretty valley with no immediately obvious signs of human influence, although after about 2km farmland becomes visible. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None seen on this trip. Description of overall character of river The Turnbull is known for bouncy, challenging and intense whitewater in a short section with lots of action. The water landscape is attractive without being spectacular. The locked gate preventing vehicular access has put off lots of users as the effort required for length of trip has reduced markedly. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) G5; long rapids; whitewater action; difficult access Info for land managers It would be great for recreation and our reputation overseas if the locked gate situation could be rectified. The Turnbull upstream of the road end looks to have top quality kayaking as a helo access river, but this is prevented by Wilderness Zoning I believe: it would be potentially very useful for kayakers to be able to explore the upper Turnbull and Mueller rivers. Info for rescue managers It is hard to see how anyone other than a kayaker could get into the Turnbull River, and a kayaker should have his rescue team with him. The Turnbull below the hydro intake has no tight gorges so it could be searched by helo, with the usual limitations: in this case it would be worth having an experienced whitewater spotter. A kayak team could search the Turnbull from below the hydro intake effectively, although POD would be reduced by the length, width and complexity of the rapids. Upstream of the hydro intake could almost certainly be searched effectively by kayak. A kayak team should be comfortable on g5 although everything can be portaged and some rapids should be portaged. Allow 2-4 hours for the 2.5km downstream of the hydro intake. River Report Form Turnbull 140210 223 Short gorge River Report Form Turnbull 140210 224 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Turnbull River 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Turnbull Australia Canada Germany UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 149 Number of respondents for this section 39 Mean number trips per person 3.8 River Report Form Waiatoto 27+280210 225 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Waiatoto (normal 2 day fly-in) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Bonar Flats, approx: 44? 15.615?S 168? 47.296?E 637904 Camp spot Axius Flats, Naihi R. confluence: 44? 07.124?S 168? 48.786?E 650064 On beach at end of road on river right (north) approx: 43? 59.849?S 168? 48.207?E 635197 Access description Helo access from road end at take-out. On this trip with Alpine Adventures (James Scott). Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 27 th and 28 th February 2010 Group members (on this trip) 10 kayakers (5 NZ, 3 USA, 1 Germany, 1 Switzerland) 1 canoeist (UK) 10 rafters in 2 rafts Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) The Waiatoto is a g4 moderate kayaking trip which is mostly easier than g4. It has the style of a river, with low gradient and wide lines in rapids requiring several linked moves. It is pool-drop in style, with long pools after rapids and easy river sections between them. The Waiatoto is a medium volume river for the West Coast, on this trip approx. 50-60 cumecs. It is kayakable at most flows, although it is unlikely that teams would kayak it at very high flows due to the camping nature of the trip. This gives it a very high reliability and commercial users (raft groups) have scheduled trips throughout summer and early autumn that are very rarely changed due to flow. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this trip, the Waiatoto was a milky blue glacial colour with high opacity due to silt content from glaciers upstream. There had also been recent (light) rain. The water is clean. The river bed is generally wide and the bed obscured by water opacity. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Waiatoto river valley is steep-sided, wide and dramatic, surrounded by high mountains with upstream views to glacial peaks. Valley sides are covered in native bush and dissected by waterfalls. There are no dramatic, tight gorges. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, The long drive, long flight in and dramatic mountain scenery give the Waiatoto a very high degree of wilderness feel. This is added to by the pristine river valley. The Waiatoto is a destination river for wilderness and River Report Form Waiatoto 27+280210 226 remoteness) remoteness, particularly amongst medium-skilled kayakers and upper-end commercial rafting clients. There is some sign of previous camping at the camp spot and of people from Casey Creek down. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) Ragwort was present on the flats around Naihi River. Description of overall character of river The Waiatoto is 44km of wilderness whitewater river trip of moderate difficulty and outstanding quality, for its balance of whitewater and scenery in day 1 and early in day 2. It does have a long, flat paddle out for whitewater kayakers, which is less significant of on holiday and particularly if with rafters. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Camping; g4; wilderness; scenery Info for land managers It is a great shame for river users that the Wilderness Area upstream of Bonar Flats is out of bounds to helicopters. If the Waiatoto could be accessed at its source lake, it would be one of New Zealand?s and the world?s most amazing river journeys. Other than that, kayakers need no more than the facilities that currently exist. Some river users could pint to potential conflict between jet boaters and kayakers/rafters in the lower section of the Waiatoto, but there is no need for conflict as the river is wide enough to sustain both types of craft. Info for rescue managers A helo could search all of the Waiatoto as there are no tight gorges. I would recommend an experienced whitewater spotter as entrapment possibilities are not obvious. There are in fact few major entrapment locations in this section, although the length of river and frequent slow sections gives plenty of opportunity for a body to sink. The length, width and multiple channels of the Waiatoto would give a very low POD without strong guidance as to the last known point. A kayak team could clear the Waiatoto from Bonar Flats in one long day although it would be useful to use jetboats as far upstream as possible and ideally have the jetboats assist the kayakers out. A kayak team could easily be deployed from the source lake down with appropriate time allowance made. The nature of the river means that a kayak team could overnight, given time to assemble equipment, without problem. River Report Form Waiatoto 27+280210 227 Any other notes Whitewater and scenery Pool drop rapids Camping River Report Form Waiatoto 27+280210 228 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Waiatoto River 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Waiatoto Australia UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 53 Number of respondents for this section 43 Mean number trips per person 1.2 River Report Form Waimangaroa 201210 229 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Waimangaroa Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out We put on where the unmarked track river right came close to the river and gradient appeared to have eased. However, other put-ins may exist: 41? 43.6135?S 171? 47.434?E 994797 We took out where the gradient had eased and the river was lowing alongside the access road, approx: 41? 43.496?S 171? 46.564?E 983800 Access description 2wd vehicle to car park at foot of Denniston incline. Walk from there up track along river bank true left until this track reaches river (stops). Cross river without pushing too hard upstream, then find a small path up to a more obvious track about 10m vertical above river level. Follow this upstream until it comes back to river level (30 mins? walk approx.) Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 20 December 2010 Group members (on this trip) Eddie Murphy (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) This flow felt like a medium flow, maybe at the lower end of medium (dark brown, very approx. 25 cumecs). The Waimangaroa could be kayaked higher and a little bit lower. It certainly needs some rain, making it reliable only in wet times. At this flow, the kayaking was classy continuous grade 4 with holes, boulders and ledges, lines between often being along curling tongues. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Deeply coloured brown water with low visibility. Presence of mining in area and some litter on banks meant it did not feel clean. River bed features mainly boulders with some bedrock ramps, largely hidden from view by dark water colour. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) Steep, V-shaped, native forested valley sides with some short, scoured rock gorge walls around river level. Valley is attractive scenery with views back to mountain tops when cloud lifted. Views downstream limited in expanse by winding valley, but Waimangaroa valley itself is attractive. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) Wilderness feel reduced by presence of some mine debris and some litter as well as short walk from road. Increased by rough nature of track and feeling that few people go there. On balance, this is not a wilderness trip by West Coast standards and wilderness is not likely to be the focus of users. River Report Form Waimangaroa 201210 230 Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None noted. Description of overall character of river The Waimangaroa is Westport?s equivalent of the Styx River (for Hokitika): a local, easily accessed high quality fairly short (1.5km) walk in trip with good reliability. It is characterised by, at medium flow, good quality whitewater offering challenge and dynamically satisfying moves in an attractive setting. The Waimangaroa has higher numbers of local users than any other river and a high number of repeat visits for users. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Walk in access; grade 4; continuous; rain required Info for land managers Access is not assisted in any way and could be improved easily, with an alternative walk for sightseers along river right bank from the Denniston Incline car park. Info for rescue managers Few people appear to use this valley. We did not see anywhere that a helo could land. A helo search may be useful: there are no deep gorges but there is overhanging vegetation. Potential snag points are numerous. In-river visibility is poor. Whitewater is prevalent. On the other hand, the river is reasonably narrow and a search by kayak quite possible. Expect a low-moderate POD. If it is possible to wait until the river drops (it drops quite quickly after rain) then a search could be more effective and a kayak team could still get down the river. A kayak team could walk in to the river in 30-50 mins and allow 40min ? 2 hours for the kayak out depending on thoroughness of search required. River Report Form Waimangaroa 201210 231 Any other notes It is possible that the put-in location given is slightly inaccurate (up to 100m) as the location could not be confirmed at time of writing. Put in (above) Typical rapid (left) Last major rapid: note undercut rock on left (below) River Report Form Waimangaroa 201210 232 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Waimangaroa River Canada SUI UK USA NZ Wai NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 328 Number of respondents for this section 16 Mean number trips per person 20.5 River Report Form Waipara 19+200310 233 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Waipara (from source lake to Arawhata road bridge) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out At source lake below Bonar Glacier, approx: 44? 22.931?S 168? 39.021?E 535764 Overnight camp spot, this trip: River bend near Sutherland Creek facing Mt Barry: 44? 15.569?S 168? 42.602?E 576903 On beach river right downstream of Arawhata road bridge on Haast Jackson Bay Road approx: 44? 02.606?S 168? 43.474?E 575144 Access description Helicopter from take-out, on this trip with Alpine Adventures (James Scott) Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 19 th and 20 th March 2010 Group members (on this trip) Dave Ritchie (NZ) Eddie Murphy (NZ) Kevin England (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) The whitewater was either straightforward technical g4 or easy g2 or portaging, in the first 20km, until the flats downstream of Gorge Rapids after which it is all flat water (30km) to the takeout. Because the Waipara changes so much during its length (one of its attractions is being able to kayak the whole length of the river) it is hard to generalise. It starts as a trickle out of the source lake, approx. 5-10 cumecs on this trip. Kayaking is a scrape at this stage and hitting rocks is inevitable. One of our party walked the first 1000m. As tributaries swell the Waipara?s volume, it quickly reaches 15- 20 cumecs and becomes more of a river. Rapids are discrete but still largely rocky. There are then some gorges with cleaner whitewater rapids and bedrock sides. Several rapids were too steep and rocky to kayak at this flow and we judged them unlikely to be kayakable at higher flow, but were easily portaged. The map states lots of rapids but these do not necessarily mean much on the river. Rapids continue at around g3-g4 throughout day 1. Early in day 2 the Waipara enters a bedrock and large boulder gorge with high quality rapids. There is then a pool before a slip section in Gorge Rapids which becomes a large (about 1km) portage. After this there is a section of g3 rapids then the Waipara becomes flat for about 5km before joining the Arawhata for another 25km. River Report Form Waipara 19+200310 234 The low flow we experienced was suitable but a slightly higher flow would most likely be better. A high flow would be scary and difficult. The Waipara is likely to be highly reliable from spring through summer, although best in spring. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) The Waipara flows from a lake beneath a glacier, so was milky opaque blue-green on this trip and likely to be so at all flows. It is clean and drinkable. From a narrow stream through boulders the Waipara widens into a river through boulders then a river through narrow bedrock gorges, then a river through gorges made of massive boulders. Due to the water?s opacity, river bed features are less significant than the surrounding valley. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) At all stages, the Waipara is surrounded by an exceptionally attractive valley of inspiring alpine landscapes. Starting beneath Mt Aspiring and the Bonar glacier, it is worth kayaking around the lake looking at 500m high cliff faces and downstream to Mt Ionia. As the river progresses downstream, the valley sides stay steep and covered in native bush with high mountain tops either side. There are grassy river flats and sculpted rock gorges. The camp spot we chose was on a river beach facing the steep sides of Mt Barry and a beautiful stretching river bend with deep blue pools. Downstream, the valley narrows further around Mt Barry into the Gorge Rapids. There are more sculpted gorges, with amazing patterned rocks and wedged trees showing a mobile landscape. After portaging around a major slip rapid, the valley stays narrow with undercut cliffs and very steep sides. All of a sudden, the Waipara spreads out into the expansive Arawhata valley and fences can be seen for grazing cattle. The Arawhata is then followed along wide, flat braids to the take-out. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) The Waipara has the greatest degree of wilderness feel of any river I've been on anywhere in the world, let alone New Zealand. Only the upper Cascade would be close. It is a long drive and a long flight in. The environment is pristine and the scenery large scale and dramatic: it is clear that there are no tracks and the bush is dense, and it feels like a long way back to the road. After leaving the lake, above which mountaineers? and tourists? aircraft can be heard (and after out helo had left) there was not one little sign of human influence in day 1. We noted one little piece of tape, presumably left by a hunter, at the portage rapid on day 2, then nothing again until the grazing area at the Arawhata. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) Nothing noted on this trip. Description of overall character of river A serious wilderness whitewater overnight river trip with great adventure characteristics in a pristine and dramatic alpine environment. River Report Form Waipara 19+200310 235 Never harder than g4, a kayaker would nonetheless not want to make a mistake in this river, so far from help. The focus of the trip is very much on the journey rather than the technical aspects of kayaking. Camping made easier by dropping equipment from helo on the way up the river. The Waipara would be one of my favourite kayaking river trips ever, although the distance and expense of the trip would make it something only to be repeated every few years. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Camping; wilderness; remoteness; scenery; adventure Info for land managers It is a great shame to me that the Wilderness Zone prevents helo access to the source lake of the Waipara, especially given the helo access for mountaineers so close by. Enabling access to this river would create a world class adventure kayaking opportunity that would nonetheless not be taken up by the masses due to the seriousness and expense of its remoteness (and the 30km flat paddle out). Info for rescue managers Unlikely as it is to ever be needed here, the valley does get used for hunting in the Roar and it is feasible that a hunter could slip in the river. Most of the river could and should be searched initially by helo, although I would recommend taking an experienced whitewater spotter. A kayak team could search the Waipara effectively, although the length, complexity and cloudy water would greatly reduce POD (unless last known point was established close to the river). The slip rapid in Gorge Rapids has many deep sieves that could not be searched with certainty by anyone. Time management would be an issue, depending on last known point. Allow one long day from the lake to the dog leg bend by Mt Barry and almost a day from there to the Arawhata, from where jetboats should be used (and hopefully assist kayakers to the road). River Report Form Waipara 19+200310 236 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Waipara River Arawhata 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Waipara NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 8 Number of respondents for this section 8 Mean number trips per person 1 River Report Form Waitaha 200210 237 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Waitaha River (normal fly-in around Moonbeam Hut) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out Wherever the helo can land on riverbed around Moonbeam Hut, on this trip river left bank opposite Dorothy and Moonbeam Creeks, approx: 43? 08.388?S 170? 48.822?E 223 213 There is a walk-in option to the downstream end of Morgan Gorge, put-in depending on ability but around: 151 255 At downstream end of Robinson Slip, river right, approx: 43? 06.092?S 170? 43.816?E 153 254 Access description Helicopter access usually with Kokatahi Helicopters. Helo pick-up varies depending on vehicular access to Robinson Slip, but is usually from Robinson Slip. Land status (banks) Date kayaked (for this report) 20 th February 2010 Group members (on this trip) Paul Currant (UK/NZ) Keith Riley (NZ) Kevin England (NZ) Andy England (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Classic adventure whitewater grade 5. The Waitaha is medium steep, technical g4 and g5 pool-drop river kayaking. The pools are short, except Kiwi Flat, and the rapids are medium length usually requiring several linked moves, and very close together. Whitewater is powerful and varied, with holes in particular commonplace. Hazards are very real and varied, with sieves and caves on top of the usual hydraulic hazards of holes and waterfalls. Portaging is possible but usually technical in itself, requiring skill in moving on steep rock and in at least one place a 5m seal launch into a powerful hole. A lot of the Waitaha is very committing, set in gorges with steep rock sides. It is also physically and mentally (if not emotionally!) tiring, creating an epic adventure style of kayaking. On this trip, the Waitaha was at the lower end of medium flow and approx. 30 cumecs. It is commonly run lower than this and higher. At lower flows, holes can be even more powerful in places and rocks can be disconcerting, while at higher flows rapids can be very quick and powerful. It is unlikely that the Waitaha would get kayaked at flood flows as it would be very powerful and almost impossible to portage rapids in the gorges. River Report Form Waitaha 200210 238 It does, however, have a broad range of useful flows making the Waitaha?s flow very reliable throughout late spring through to autumn. The section from Moonbeam to Morgan Gorge is about 7.5km, then just over 1km through or around Morgan Gorge, then just over 5km to the take-out at Robinson Slip: 13.6km in total. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) The water is almost always silty-opaque, with a green or blue grey colour. Its opacity varies throughout the season. The river bed varies from boulders to bedrock with some amazing features of both, including caves and waterfalls made from huge boulders and chutes carved from bedrock. In most of the section before Kiwi Flat, it is whitewater that is prevalent. Kiwi Flat is a gentle shingle section, followed by Morgan Gorge and downstream with more bedrock and boulder whitewater. There is no return to shingle until the take-out. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Waitaha valley is steep sided and covered in dense native bush. The sides are dissected by slips, tributaries and waterfalls. The Waitaha has several spectacular gorge sections, although only two are named on the map (it is not usual to kayak Windhover Gorge, although I believe at least one group has). Waitaha Gorge seems to be several gorges, from river level. There is one particularly scenic section with numerous waterfalls very close together, running over cliffs on river left, which always seem to catch the sun to create rainbows. Most of Waitaha Gorge is reasonably wide, although it narrows in one section to river width and constricts the river to a winding slot with cliffs either side. The resulting erosion of the rock makes incredible sculpted gorge sides. Waitaha Gorge spills abruptly into Kiwi Flat, which is a reasonably wide grassy flat covered in layered shingle/sand beaches from floods. The valley sides wrap around Kiwi Flat on all sides with only a slot for the Waitaha River to exit from. This is Morgan Gorge which is one of the most spectacular gorges ? perhaps the most spectacular - on the West Coast. It has high, vertical sides which are close together and are fluted vertically in sharp ar?tes instead of the usual gentle waves of gorge wall profiles. The upstream end of Morgan Gorge has large boulders at river level but the gorge narrows further as you progress downstream, to a point where it opens out slightly and cascades over a steep rocky slip next to a huge boulder or eroded bedrock shape. There are hotpools on the left bank here. Morgan Gorge then turns to the right and flows straight out to its sudden downstream mouth. The rapids at this point go over a small waterfall into a calm pool, from which you can look back upstream (usually in awe) into Morgan Gorge. Downstream, the valley progressively widens and the gradient progressively eases until you reach Robinson Slip. Here, at the River Report Form Waitaha 200210 239 take-out, the Waitaha becomes a wide valley and the shingle rapids lead downstream towards the sea which is apparent in the light and openness of the valley at this point. From put-in to take-out, the Waitaha is a spectacularly scenic river, primarily for its gorge features. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) The Waitaha river trip has a very high wilderness feel, despite travelling through farmland to reach the helo pick-up and flying over a swingbridge and hut. The immediate river corridor is pristine and wild in every way, with no sign of human influence until observant paddlers notice the ominous monitoring equipment around the end of Waitaha Gorge, then the trail marker and bridge at the start of Morgan Gorge (usually a portage along the trail). There are then some signs of further industrial work on the river bank downstream of Morgan Gorge, where surveying for a potential hydro scheme has obviously taken place. Despite the detracting factors of the industrial monitoring, the Waitaha currently feels very much like a pristine wilderness adventure and the aggressiveness of the river environment adds significantly to that feeling. At the time of this trip, Morgan Gorge had not been descended right through (I was part of a group who attempted to in 2003 and members of my team from this trip successfully kayaked Morgan Gorge the day after this trip). The portage, however, is an important part of the ?wilderness? adventure experience: it is arduous, carrying a kayak through dense bush for 1-1.5 hours and requires both skill to find the trail which is frequently broken by slips and stamina to complete this portage after an intense day of difficult whitewater kayaking. The fact that there are still technically challenging rapids after the portage adds further to the sense of wilderness adventure. On this trip, I found the Waitaha to be every bit the wilderness adventure experience that I have in the past. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None on this trip although I have seen several whio in the river at Kiwi Flat every other time I have been here. Description of overall character of river This is the pinnacle of one-day wilderness adventure kayaking on the West Coast and a classic grade 5 river trip of world class. The Waitaha offers an intense and aggressive whitewater challenge set amongst spectacular gorges, with a known challenge held back for the end of the day in the form of the Morgan Gorge portage. Morgan Gorge now being paddled leaves a delectable challenge open to the world?s most skilled whitewater kayakers. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Adventure; grade 5 whitewater; gorges; wilderness; commitment; hot springs; portage Info for land managers Vehicular access to the road end can be difficult and it would be very useful to ease this difficulty on either bank (in the past, the south bank has been very difficult despite there being a DoC River Report Form Waitaha 200210 240 track). For kayakers, deterioration of the track is not a problem and possibly even adds to the adventure challenge of the day. Helo access is essential and due to usual landings in the (mobile) river bed, helo access leaves no traces. The presence of testing equipment in the river bed is ugly and offensive to kayakers. Progress towards a hydro scheme of any sort in this river would be vehemently opposed by kayakers, with no compromise position possible. Info for rescue managers As the track is mostly well back from the river, it is unlikely that anyone other than a kayaker would end up in the Waitaha river. Most kayak teams that paddle the Waitaha are well experienced and act as their own rescue team. In the event of a SAR op, a helo sweep of the river is worthwhile as most of the river is visible from the air (except Morgan Gorge). I would strongly recommend using an experienced whitewater spotter as there are many unusual river features. Due to the Waitaha?s usual cloudiness, steepness, technical challenge and complexity, any search for an unresponsive target is likely to produce a very low POD. An experienced kayak team could search the Waitaha safely with reasonable effectiveness, especially looking for a responsive target. It would require a highly skilled team. Allow 4-6 hours from Moonbeam Hut to Kiwi Flat and more if detailed searching is required. Carrying overnight equipment on the Waitaha would be hazardous and it may be necessary in this case to plan to helo out from Kiwi Flat (or drop overnight gear there). The Waitaha holds its flow for several days after a reasonable rainfall event. At low to medium flows, it is possible to portage all grade 5 rapids (which I think is essential for risk management on SAR ops). River Report Form Waitaha 200210 241 Any other notes Put-in from helo River scenery ? waterfalls and gorge walls River Report Form Waitaha 200210 242 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Waitaha River 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Waitaha River Canada Italy SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 92 Number of respondents for this section 36 Mean number trips per person 2.6 River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 243 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Wanganui (Upper) inc. Wanganui ?Lower? from confluence Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in Take out ?Upper? About 2km downstream of Smyth Hut on gravel banks on river left above rapid at around 233138 43? 12? 52.8? S 170? 47? 50.2? E ?Lower? from Jones Flats near Hunters Hut at confluence with Adams/Lambert around 173116 43? 13? 15.4? S 170? 45? 40.8?E On this trip, paddocks at 073177 43? 12? 58.6? S 170? 47? 48.1? E Access description Helicopter access, sometimes with James Scott/Alpine Adventures and sometimes with Bruce Dando/Kokotahi Helicopters (virtually equidistant, depends on size of group). Access used to be from end of minor road on northeast side of Wanganui river but on this trip that road had been cut off by river erosion and access was by helo from paddocks just south of Amethyst Creek Land status of banks Date kayaked (for this report) 06 02 2010 Group members (on this trip) There were 31 kayakers on the Wanganui on this day. 16 were from the Whitewater Canoe Club of Christchurch, including 3 from Western Australia. Another group (7) were former colleagues of a rafting company meeting socially and the last group (5) was an informal grouping of tourist and resident kayakers. Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) The Upper Wanganui is moderately steep, technical g4+ rapids. They are typically multi-move and can be quite long rapids with little let-up between one rapid and the next. They are mostly formed by boulders but there are more bedrock sections than is usual for the West Coast. Flows on this day were low (est. 20m 3 /s at put in). This section can be kayaked at a range of flows but I don?t think it would be suitable shortly after significant rain ie at flood flows. At low flows, there are many rock hazards including sieves and few chutes to choose from. Flows are reliable in summer months with only post-heavy rain events to avoid. The Upper Wanganui is popular with visiting kayakers who do not want or cannot kayak the hardest rivers. The Lower Wanganui is characterised by long multi-move g3 rapids, flat sections and one long g4 rapid. It has more volume River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 244 from the Lambert and lower gradient than the Upper. It can be kayaked at a wide range of flows from very low up, although it is unlikely to be kayaked at very high flows. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) Water in the Upper Wanganui is typically blue and milky from glacial flour. Water is clean. The river bed is usually narrow. In the Upper, there is a lot of white water which, with all the exposed rock in the river bed, usually makes for a very bright and stark landscape. The Upper Wanganui is unusual on the West Coast for its bedrock rapids, made up of ledges of schist in shallow gorges. Boulders move through these rapids too and affect them from flood to flood. Boulders from slips still make up most rapids. The Lower Wanganui is usually a greyer blue due to increased glacial flour from the Lambert river. However, in long spells of finer weather it is bright blue. The Lower Wanganui has a much wider river bed and is much less interrupted by boulders. The longer rapids though can be sustained whitewater for over 100m. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) The Upper Wanganui has amazing upstream views of glacier- topped mountains. The valley is open with no deep gorges so the valley can be seen at all times: it is steep sided and covered in native vegetation. Slips are frequent, exposing rock. There are sections of shallow gorges with exposed bedrock. The steepness of the upper section provides striking downstream valley views. Where the Wanganui opens out at the confluence with the Lambert, there are wide valley views up both rivers to alpine mountains. Downstream of this point, the valley is narrower and views more restricted. Description of degree of wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) The upstream part of the Upper Wanganui has a high wilderness feel due to its long flight in and high mountain feel (exposed rock and glacier views). Although a trail is present, it is not visible and no other signs of humans are visible. Where the trail comes close to the river, orange trail markers can be seen and at Poker Bluff a ladder (for trampers) is visible from the river. Shortly afterwards, near the Lambert confluence, a cableway can be seen. The Lower Wanganui has a moderate wilderness feel in that it has a shorter flight but it still has mountain views, native vegetation cover and steep valley sides. Closer to the road, a quarry becomes visible and from here on downstream, wilderness feel is low. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None noted on this trip. Description of overall character of river The Wanganui?s split personality ? steep, low volume upper and gentler, bigger lower ? makes it particularly appealing to groups of kayakers with mixed abilities. The Wanganui has great scenery and continuous whitewater, in the Upper section especially. Its open sides (rather than gorges) makes it less River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 245 intimidating to kayak. Hotpools appeal to groups with time. The rapids are very good but don?t contain the iconic qualities of some other rivers in this region, making the Wanganui less of a destination for kayaking than its neighbouring Perth/Whataroa. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Continuous rapids; hotpools; bedrock; grade 5; grade 3; glacier views Info for land managers Kayakers and trampers share this valley with no conflict that I?ve seen. Kayakers I've talked to are not offended by the trail markers and ladder/cableway. Helo landings vary with floods and are unnoticeable. Helo take-off is difficult currently following erosion but this will vary. Kayakers really don?t need anything other than helo access. Info for rescue managers Due to the often relatively lower ability of groups accessing the Wanganui, both Upper and Lower, and the presence of sieves in the Upper, it is not unlikely that there will be a serious accident at some stage. There is little we can do to prevent this or rescue from it. As the tramping trail is so close to the river, it may be possible that a tramper falls in but this is unlikely as the trail does now cross the river unless side creeks are high and wash a person into the main river. A person in the Upper Wanganui become entrapped in undercuts or sieves, particularly at low flows, but would wash quickly downstream at high flows. In the lower Wanganui, at higher flows, it is unlikely that a body would snag much and I would expect it to travel quite quickly. A kayak team could search the Wanganui Upper and Lower at most flows. They would need to portage much of the Upper to be safe as it will be g5 at higher flows. This is easy and to be expected. Search under the water surface is hindered at all flows by the milkiness of the water. Sieves and undercuts are often hard to access and if it is suspected that a body is entrapped it would be necessary to search at low flow. A good kayak team of 4 could usefully scan the river banks for a live person in 6 hours from the Upper, although active searching would extend this time considerably. Due to absence of deep gorges, the river could mostly be scanned from helo. An experienced kayaker observer would be useful due to the many potential entrapment locations. River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 246 Put in Upper rapids, low flow By confluence with Lambert River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 247 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Wanganui upper Australia Canada Italy SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Nlnd NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 111 Number of respondents for this section 47 Mean number trips per person 2.4 River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 248 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Wanganui from Lambert confluence Australia Canada Italy UK USA NZ BOP NZ Nlnd NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 139 Number of respondents for this section 46 Mean number trips per person 3.0 River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 249 River report form Andy ENGLAND Royal Society of New Zealand Awarded Teacher Fellowship Department of Conservation Lincoln University River (section) Whitcombe from Cropp (just upstream of Cropp) Locations (latitude and longitude of put in and take out) Put in (can vary depending on heli landing) Take out This trip, approx: 43?04?59.12?S 171?01?22.58?E On this occasion we put in at about 391281 on river left where the river turns right. ?Normal? Cropp put-in: 393297 43?04?01.13?S 171?01?36.06?E This is the heli take-off and landing as opposed to where we take out from river. It is by the cableway.42?59?09.79?S 170?59?48.30?E 366386 Access description Helicopter (Kokatahi helicopters) from end of 4wd road, location above. Actual landing by river varies as the river frequently floods and washes sites away. No-one walks in to this section. Date kayaked (this report) 02-02-2010 Group members (on this trip) Colin Biggin (Scotland) Andy England (NZ) Mary Harrop (US) Sarah Fawcett (NZ) Pete Kyriakoudis (NZ) James McLafferty (NZ) Description of whitewater kayaking technicality (inc. grade and style of kayaking, volume on day, flow requirements and estimate of reliability) Grade 4 with some g.3 and some g.5 to end of Collier Gorge which contains biggest and most dangerous rapids of this section, then g.3 easing to g.2 and flat to take-out. Low flow for kayakers on the day paddled: handles quite high flows but gets pushy. Good kayaking even at very low flows. Very reliable flows except after heavy rains (rises very quickly). Whitcombe offers river paddling with relatively high volume (for West Coast) particularly at higher flows; fairly continuous gradient and long rapids, separated by short flatter sections. There are few single-move steep rapids. Description of water landscape (inc. water quality and clarity, river bed features) On this day, water was turquoise blue and quite clear, but not completely clear as quite milky. Clean. Whitewater frequently intense and powerful in appearance; long rapids. Large, bleached/scoured boulders separated by blue river channels with whitewater define the river landscape, occasionally obscuring view of downstream requiring navigation. Significant river bed changes, due to slips from sides, is a notable character of the Whitcombe. Description of valley landscape from river (inc. gorges and views from river, types of vegetation) Valley generally open, steep sided, high. Gorges shallow with lots of slips. Views upstream from higher up river often show snowy high mountains. Valley sides covered in native vegetation. Some waterfalls and tributaries. Description of degree of Although valley feels and looks wild, orange trail markers are River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 250 wilderness feel (inc. presence or absence of human influence, remoteness) visible from time to time as well as a hut visible from river and a swingbridge. Lower, wider gorges and the trail make it clear that walking out would be possible although injury in this river would be serious due to distance from road end. Notable flora and fauna (eg blue duck) None noted on this day Description of overall character of river The Whitcombe from Cropp is a reliable whitewater day challenge with lots of action and easy portages of harder rapids (if chosen). It is suitable for a wide range of ?advanced? whitewater kayakers. River scenery is characterised by large boulders and interesting channels. It is set in dramatic valley scenery with native vegetation. There are few signs of humans but these do include a trail, signs, huts and bridges/cableways. Distinctive features of river trip (key words) Rapids; whitewater; day trip; reliable flow; open valley; trail; boulders; landslides Info for land managers Helicopter access essential. Exact landing site couldn?t be defined usefully as it needs to change. Access to heli site at end of 4wd road (through locked gate) is useful as it is a long flight in from Hoki Gorge and a long flat paddle out. This is a busy section with most visitors kayaking it at least once. Nothing else really needed for kayakers. Info for rescue managers Count as g5 upstream of Collier Gorge but actual g5 easily portaged. Jetboats advantageous as far upstream as Hokitika/Whitcombe confluence. Easy heli access to most places; river all visible from air. Few trees to snag floating bodies but frequent sieves/undercuts. Would expect a body to travel quickly, especially at high flows. Many rapids too large to search meaningfully. A good kayak search team should be able to search this river section for a conscious target in 8 hours. Detailed searches may take 2 days or be impossible due to undercuts and sieves. Rapid response to rain and heavy falls commonplace. Difficulty increases with flow. River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 251 River Report Form Wanganui River 060210 252 Statistics from 2010 West Coast Whitewater Kayaking Survey % column graphs showing respondents? scoring of river attributes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Whitcombe River Cropp 5 4 3 2 1 River users by country (pie) and NZ region (column): Whitcombe Cropp Australia Canada Germany SUI UK USA NZ BOP NZ M-W NZ Nlnd NZ Wai NZ Wgtn NZ Canty NZ Mlb NZ Nlsn NZ Otago NZ Slnd NZ WC Importance: 1=not, 5=extremely Challenge: 1=none, 5=only on a good day Scenery: 1=unattractive, 5=inspiring Wilderness: 1=no wilderness, 5=pristine, remote Flow: 1=unreliable, 5=very reliable The bigger the block, the more people scored that number Numbers Total number trips recorded 524 Number of respondents for this section 100 Mean number trips per person 5.2 Notes Andy England was a 2010 Awarded Teacher Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand. The New Zealand Sciences Mathematics and Technology Teacher Fellowship Scheme is funded by the New Zealand Government and administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand The author at work in 2010, Perth River Photo Kevin England