Research@Lincoln
Research@Lincoln is an open access institutional repository collecting the research produced by Lincoln University staff and students. You may also be interested in Data@Lincoln or Lincoln University Living Heritage.
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Item Restricted Marine fish-derived lysophosphatidylcholine: Properties, extraction, quantification, and brain health application(MDPI, 2023-04)Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids esterified in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-omega-3) are the most bioavailable omega-3 fatty acid form and are considered important for brain health. Lysophosphatidylcholine is a hydrolyzed phospholipid that is generated from the action of either phospholipase PLA₁ or PLA₂. There are two types of LPC; 1-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-2 position is acylated) and 2-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-1 position is acylated). The 2-LPC type is more highly bioavailable to the brain than the 1-LPC type. Given the biological and health aspects of LPC types, it is important to understand the structure, properties, extraction, quantification, functional role, and effect of the processing of LPC. This review examines various aspects involved in the extraction, characterization, and quantification of LPC. Further, the effects of processing methods on LPC and the potential biological roles of LPC in health and wellbeing are discussed. DHA-rich-LysoPLs, including LPC, can be enzymatically produced using lipases and phospholipases from wide microbial strains, and the highest yields were obtained by Lipozyme RM-IM®, Lipozyme TL-IM®, and Novozym 435®. Terrestrial-based phospholipids generally contain lower levels of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, and therefore, they are considered less effective in providing the same health benefits as marine-based LPC. Processing (e.g., thermal, fermentation, and freezing) reduces the PL in fish. LPC containing omega-3 PUFA, mainly DHA (C22:6 omega-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid EPA (C20:5 omega-3) play important role in brain development and neuronal cell growth. Additionally, they have been implicated in supporting treatment programs for depression and Alzheimer’s. These activities appear to be facilitated by the acute function of a major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2 (Mfsd2a), expressed in BBB endothelium, as a chief transporter for LPC-DHA uptake to the brain. LPC-based delivery systems also provide the opportunity to improve the properties of some bioactive compounds during storage and absorption. Overall, LPCs have great potential for improving brain health, but their safety and potentially negative effects should also be taken into consideration.Item Restricted Real-time genomics for One Health(Springer, 2023-08-08)The ongoing degradation of natural systems and other environmental changes has put our society at a crossroad with respect to our future relationship with our planet. While the concept of One Health describes how human health is inextricably linked with environmental health, many of these complex interdependencies are still not well-understood. Here, we describe how the advent of real-time genomic analyses can benefit One Health and how it can enable timely, in-depth ecosystem health assessments. We introduce nanopore sequencing as the only disruptive technology that currently allows for real-time genomic analyses and that is already being used worldwide to improve the accessibility and versatility of genomic sequencing. We showcase real-time genomic studies on zoonotic disease, food security, environmental microbiome, emerging pathogens, and their antimicrobial resistances, and on environmental health itself – from genomic resource creation for wildlife conservation to the monitoring of biodiversity, invasive species, and wildlife trafficking. We stress why equitable access to real-time genomics in the context of One Health will be paramount and discuss related practical, legal, and ethical limitations.Item Restricted Comparative growth and morphometric assessment between cultures of wild and hatchery-produced mud crabs(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-09)This paper reports the comparative growth, nutritional performance, and morphometric variation between wild and hatchery-reared juvenile mud crabs (Scylla olivacea) in earthen ponds. The crabs were fed daily with boiled tilapia paste at a feeding rate of 5–8% body weight for the first two weeks, followed by feeding with chopped eviscerated tilapia until termination of the experiment. Selected phenotypic trains, including carapace width (CW), carapace length (CL) and abdominal width (AW), were measured weekly. The protein content of the muscle (21.13%), gill (13.51%) and egg (43.28%) were significantly higher in the hatchery-sourced compared to wild female crabs (muscle = 19.15%; gill = 10.09%; egg = 38.15%). Likewise, the hatchery sourced crabs exhibited higher lipid content in the muscle (2.45–2.51%) and eggs (7.51%) compared to the wild counterparts (muscle = 1.45–1.47%; egg =6.15%). These findings suggested a superior nutritional quality of the hatchery-reared compared to the wild-sourced crabs. Although some selected phenotypic traits did not vary among the wild and hatchery-reared crabs (p < 0.05), their survival rates varied significantly depending on the stocking density (p < 0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that the growth characteristics of the hatchery produced and wild-sourced crab were similar, which will help to remove the misconception among the crab farmers about the hatchery seeds and promote diversification of the crab production system for long-term sustainability.Item Open Access How do mandatory climate-related disclosures affect energy and agriculture markets?(2024)With the rise of mandating climate-related disclosures (CRD), this paper investigates how energy and agriculture markets are exposed to climate disclosure risk. Using the multivariable simultaneous quantile regression and data from 1 January 2017 to 29 February 2024, we examine daily and monthly responses of energy and agriculture markets to climate disclosure risk, energy risk, market sentiment, geopolitical risk, and economic policy risk. The sample covers the global market, Australia, Canada, European Union (EU), Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). The results show that climate disclosure risk creates both positive and negative shocks on the energy and agriculture markets and the impacts are asymmetric across quantiles in different economies. The higher climate disclosure risk, the greater impacts of crude oil future on the energy sector in North America (Canada and the US) and Europe (EU and the UK), but no greater effects in Asia Pacific (Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore). The agriculture sector can hedge against economic policy and geopolitical risks, but it is highly exposed to climate disclosure and energy risks. This study timely contributes to the modest literature on the asymmetric effects of climate disclosure risk on the energy and agriculture markets at the global and national levels. Our findings offer practical implications for policy makers and investment practitioners in understanding financial effects of mandating CRD to diversify risks depending upon market conditions and policy uncertainty.Item Restricted Navigating the depths of marine lipids: From extraction efficiency to flavour enhancement(Elsevier, 2023-12-30)Marine lipids are recognised to have substantial importance in biology and human health. These remarkable lipids, which originate from the rich biodiversity of the oceans, hold a unique status for several reasons. Marine lipids provide long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs), specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) (Ahmmed, Ahmmed, et al., 2021; Ahmmed, Carne, et al., 2021; Ahmmed et al., 2022a, 2022b; Ahmmed et al., 2023), that play an important role in health and wellbeing (Zhang et al., 2019), and especially brain health (Ahmmed et al., 2020; Ahmmed et al., 2023; Burri et al., 2012).
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