GIS analysis of remote sensing data to assess spatial disparities of urban green space and its effect on urban heat islands for strategic, spatial, and health planning purposes : A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Planning at Lincoln University
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Authors
Date
2001-07-28
Type
Dissertation
Keywords
urban green spaces, green cities, GIS, Geographic Information System (GIS), spatial inequalities, Green Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), aerial imagery, microclimate, Urban heat islands, living walls, spatial analysis, strategic planning, social equity, urban health planning, compact cities, intensification, remote sensing, urban intensification, urban planning, public open space, living roofs
Fields of Research
ANZSRC::3304 Urban and regional planning, ANZSRC::440612 Urban geography, ANZSRC::330410 Urban analysis and development, ANZSRC::460106 Spatial data and applications, ANZSRC::33 Built environment and design, ANZSRC::401302 Geospatial information systems and geospatial data modelling, ANZSRC::330413 Urban planning and health, ANZSRC::330412 Urban informatics, ANZSRC::330404 Land use and environmental planning, ANZSRC::410402 Environmental assessment and monitoring, ANZSRC::4101 Climate change impacts and adaptation
Abstract
As a response to our international commitments towards the 1992 United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, New Zealand has to reduce the transport sector’s emissions via
different policy settings, including urban intensification. However, if urban intensification resulted in a
diminished urban green space, the urban heat islands effect will be accentuated. Moreover, residents'
physical and mental health could deteriorate according to recent literature findings. Such impacts
would be relatively higher on disadvantaged and vulnerable communities.
Managing urban intensification while also maintaining spatial equity of urban green space necessitates
developing an urban green space quantifying tool that detects both private and public green spaces.
GIS analysis of remote sensing data from aerial and satellite imagery is explored in this research as a
potential solution. This type of analysis is based on the same GIS approach used by the Christchurch
City Council to calculate ground imperviousness to predict urban growth. The area of Christchurch’s
major urban core was used as the study area subject to the availability of high-resolution aerial
imagery. In this study area, the land surface temperature was retrieved from the aerial imagery to
predict the urban heat island effect, and a GIS vegetation index analysis was conducted to evaluate
the level of greenness following international examples.
Results identified neighbourhoods in Christchurch that would be impacted more than the others by
unplanned urban intensification after it was integrated with the index of multiple deprivations from
Auckland University. Most impacted areas, according to this research, were compared against the
prioritised areas for open space interventions that was detected by an accessibility study from the
current Public Open Space Strategy of Christchurch City Council 2010-2040. The results could explain
the inequitable distribution of urban green space that continues to occur under the currently used
approaches and could be used to set a minimum target for urban green space in the newly proposed
Natural and Built Environment Act.
Simultaneously, the calculated green space per capita represents a suitable approach to assess and
prepare our cities for Covid-19 implications; as this partially reflects the amount of private green space,
which is most important during lockdowns for households’ social distancing.
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