Alternatives to comprehensive ecosystem services markets: the contribution of forest related programs in New Zealand
Date
2011-08
Type
Conference Contribution - published
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Fields of Research
Abstract
Due to the public goods characteristics of many ecosystem services and their vital
importance to human welfare, various mechanisms have been put in place to
motivate private landowners in the provision of ecosystem services. A common
approach is to try to develop a comprehensive ecosystem services market where
landowners can receive payments from beneficiaries of ecosystem services. Much
research has been directed at developing methods for valuing the range of ecosystem
services so that they can be incorporated into ecosystem services markets. However,
valuation methods are difficult, expensive and time consuming. Other approaches to
the provision of ecosystem services such as payments for ecosystem services usually
focus on a single service like water or biodiversity. However, in the provision of a
particu lar ecosystem service, there are spill-over effects of provid ing other ecosystem
services, and thus studying those spill-over effects may provide a simple and cost effective
way of ensuring the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services. In
New Zealand, there are a variety of forestry programs which provide incentives to
landowners to plant trees on their lands to meet particular objectives, but which also
produce other ES. This research aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the
provision of a wide range of ES by these approaches, the New Zealand Emissions
Trading Scheme, the East Coast Forestry Scheme, and the QEII National Trust.
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