An appraisal of coastal zone management problems and potential approaches for institutional reform

Abstract

The coastal zone is identified as a finite resource, with a limited capacity to meet demands for its use. Problems occur, or are perceived, when demands conflict or people's expectations are not met. It is proposed in this study that institutional arrangements have a significant influence on the occurrence of problems as well as their resolution.

This study examines the proposition that managers with executive responsibilities for coastal zone management have inadequate guidance to implement management which is consistent with societal aspirations. To consider this proposition, a broad appraisal is made of problems and institutional arrangements in coastal zone management. It is found that the present system of management is complex and fragmented, and fails to adequately direct manager behaviour or ensure management is coordinated or consistent with societal aspirations.

It is contended that decisions taken in coastal zone management are subjective and as such are questions of values. The study is, therefore, concerned with the establishment of a management system which is most likely to formulate and implement management programmes in the best interests of society.

Improvements for management are suggested on the basis of inadequacies in the operation of the present management system, and upon relating management to the interactive and dynamic or 'systems' characteristics of the coastal zone. The merits of centralised and decentralised management are discussed, and it is concluded that both approaches have attributes which can usefully be incorporated into the management system.