Chemical transformation in far-from-equilibrium systems
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2025-02-16
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Book Chapter
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Abstract
Chemical transformations are ubiquitous in the universe. We use the principles or the laws of thermodynamics that were developed over the last two centuries or more, to understand and calculate the entities involved in chemical transformations. (We use “transformations” and “reactions” synonymously in this book.) Since thermodynamics is a vast subject, we only succinctly discuss the concepts and equations that are essential to understand the subsequent chapters. The reader is referred to excellent references in this subject such as Kondepudi and Prigogine (2014), Prigogine and Van Rysselberghe (1963), Keizer (1979, 1987), and Nicolis and Prigogine (1971) for further study.
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© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.