Technology advances protecting our biological heritage

Abstract

Internationally, over the last 20 years the number of tools available for the control of small mammals has declined. Through the efforts of research we have bucked this trend in NZ and retained and developed new tools. Three new toxins have been extensively researched and registered with NZ EPA and MPI for field use, namely para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in 2011 for stoats and feral cats, zinc phosphide for possums in 2012 and encapsulated sodium nitrite (ESN) in 2013 for possums and feral pigs. The development of PAPP and ESN, coined red blood cell toxins, developed for humaneness, represent the first new vertebrate pesticides registered for field control of mammalian pests anywhere in the world for > 25 years. More effective killing systems are being researched, and the first successful field trials of resetting toxin delivery devices for possum and stoat control were completed in 2013. Improved deployment strategies, integration of humane and selective toxins, lures of greater potency and improved killing devices aided by species' recognition will transform ground control for endangered species protection. Aerial application of PAPP will greatly extend the range of stoat control.