The last straw? A discussion of cumulative effects assessment and its role in environmental decision making

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to identify and discuss the issues relating to cumulative effects assessment and its role in decision making. The report centres around four main research questions: What is cumulative environmental change? How can cumulative effects be evaluated? How are cumulative effects analysed? And how can cumulative effects be incorporated into decision making and policy development?

A theoretical 'framework for analysis' is formulated as a means for evaluating cumulative effects. Tools to assess cumulative effects are 'tested' against this 'framework for analysis.' Emphasis is on strategic assessment incorporating both normative and empirical analysis. It is recognised that institutional and political factors also influence cumulative effects assessment. These include: resource issues; institutional fragmentation; and ambiguities in assessment. Issues specific to the Resource Management Act (1991) in New Zealand are discussed. The institutional context under the RMA (1991) offers both obstacles and opportunities. Recommendations specific to New Zealand are outlined to help overcome some of the recognised barriers and further the opportunities.